ABSTRACT

Biodegradable scaffolds are considered as the key component of tissue engineering which serve as temporary structural supports for tissue regeneration. The mechanical/biological properties of artificial synthetic polymeric scaffolds are highly dependent on their structural organisations. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have provided unprecedented opportunities to customise patient-specific scaffolds with complex architectures in a reproducible manner. Here we provide a state-of-the-art review on the recent development and application of melt-based, solvent-free AM techniques to produce biodegradable polymeric scaffolds for better understanding their structure–property-function relationships for different tissue regeneration. Typical biodegradable polymers for melt-based AM are introduced, and key melt-based AM techniques including extrusion-based printing, selective laser sintering and high-resolution electrohydrodynamic bioprinting are highlighted. The critical strategies by structural design to regulate the mechanical/biological properties of as-fabricated biodegradable scaffolds in vitro and in vivo are summarised. The clinical trials as well as potential challenges of the resultant scaffolds were finally reviewed and discussed.

摘要

可生物降解的支架被认为是组织工程的关键组成部分，可作为组织再生的临时结构支撑。人工合成聚合物支架的机械/生物学特性高度依赖于其结构组织。增材制造（AM）技术提供了前所未有的机会，可以以可重现的方式定制具有复杂架构的患者特定支架。在此，我们提供有关基于熔融，无溶剂的增材制造技术的最新发展和应用的最新技术综述，以生产可生物降解的聚合物支架，以便更好地了解其在不同组织再生中的结构-性能-功能关系。介绍了用于熔融基AM的典型可生物降解聚合物，重点介绍了基于熔融的增材制造关键技术，包括基于挤出的印刷，选择性激光烧结和高分辨率电液动力学生物印刷。结构设计的关键策略，用于调节人造生物降解支架的机械/生物学性能总结了体外和体内。最后审查并讨论了所得支架的临床试验以及潜在的挑战。