ABSTRACT

Long-term use of chemical fertilizers has been known to degrade the various soil physico-chemical properties. Incorporation of crop residues (CR) along with biofertilizers (BF) is an important practice from improving the physico-chemical properties of soil. Laboratory analyses were conducted during 2015 on soil samples collected from an on-going long-term experiment “Nutrient management in rice based organic farming systems,” in progress since 2003. Over the 12 years of study a significant improvement in bulk density, water-holding capacity, aggregate stability, hydraulic conductivity, and soil pH was observed under conjoint application of organics, CR, and BF in farmyard manure (FYM)+CR+BF and VC+CR+BF treatments. The data further delineated maximum soil organic carbon build-up was recorded in the combined application of organic nutrient sources as compared to manures alone treatment. The data further indicated that DTPA extractable copper, zinc, manganese, and iron in soil recorded a significant increase in all the manures applied treatments under rice-wheat-mungbean and rice-wheat cropping systems over the initial level. The integrated use of organics and crop residues in combination with biofertilizers recorded significant higher rice grain and straw yields over the rest of the treatments. Organic manures in combination with crop residues and biofertilizers supported high rice grain yield and straw biomass and sustainable yield index (SYI), with lower values of coefficient of variance. In conclusion, the conjoint application of organics, crop residues, and biofertilizers can enhance not only rice crop yield but also yield stability and sustainability.

摘要

长期使用化肥会降低土壤的各种物理化学特性。从改善土壤的理化特性来看，将作物残留物（CR）与生物肥料（BF）结合在一起是一项重要的实践。自2003年以来一直在进行的一项长期实验“基于水稻的有机耕作系统中的营养管理”中，从2015年开始对土壤样品进行了实验室分析。在12年的研究中，堆密度，水和在有机肥，CR和BF联合施用农家肥（FYM）+ CR + BF和VC + CR + BF的处理下，观察到土壤的保持能力，聚集体稳定性，水力传导率和土壤pH值。与单独施用粪肥相比，有机养分源的联合施用记录了进一步描述的最大土壤有机碳积累数据。数据进一步表明，在稻-麦-绿豆和稻-麦-小麦种植系统下，土壤中DTPA可提取的铜，锌，锰和铁的记录显示，所有施用的肥料均显着增加。在其余的处理中，有机物和农作物残渣与生物肥料的综合使用显示水稻和稻草的单产显着提高。有机肥料与农作物残渣和生物肥料的结合可支持高稻米产量和稻草生物量以及可持续产量指数（SYI），而变异系数的值较低。总之，有机物，农作物残留物，