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Cytokinin biosynthesis and transport for systemic nitrogen signaling
The Plant Journal ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-04 , DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15011
Hitoshi Sakakibara 1
Affiliation  

The plasticity of growth and development in response to environmental changes is one of the essential aspects of plant behavior. Cytokinins play an important role as signaling molecules in the long‐distance communication between organs in systemic growth regulation in response to nitrogen. The spatial distribution of the expression sites of cytokinin biosynthesis genes leads to structural differences in the molecular species transported through the xylem and phloem, giving root‐borne trans‐hydroxylated cytokinins, namely trans‐zeatin (tZ) type, a specialized efficacy in regulating shoot growth. Furthermore, root‐to‐shoot translocation via the xylem, tZ, and its precursor, the tZ riboside, controls different sets of shoot growth traits to fine‐tune shoot growth in response to nitrogen availability. In addition to nitrogen, photosynthetically generated sugars positively regulate de novo cytokinin biosynthesis in the roots, and contribute to plant growth under elevated CO2 conditions. In shoot‐to‐root signaling, cytokinins also play a role in the regulation of nutrient acquisition and root system growth in cooperation with other types of signaling molecules, such as C‐TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE DOWNSTREAMs. As cytokinin is a key regulator for the maintenance of shoot apical meristem, deepening our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of cytokinin biosynthesis and transport in response to nitrogen is important not only for basic comprehension of plant growth, but also to ensure the stability of agricultural production.

中文翻译:

细胞分裂素的生物合成和转运,用于系统性氮信号传递

响应环境变化而生长和发育的可塑性是植物行为的重要方面之一。细胞分裂素在器官之间的长途通讯中起着重要的信号分子的作用,调节人体对氮的反应。细胞分裂素生物合成基因表达位点的空间分布导致通过木质部和韧皮部转运的分子种类的结构差异,从而产生根源的反式羟基化细胞分裂素,即反式玉米素(tZ)类型,一种调节芽生长的特殊功效。此外,通过木质部tZ及其前体tZ核糖苷进行的从根到茎的易位,控制不同的芽生长性状集,以响应氮的有效利用来调节芽的生长。除氮外,光合作用产生的糖还积极调节根部从头的细胞分裂素生物合成,并在CO 2升高的情况下促进植物生长。条件。在从茎到根的信号传导中,细胞分裂素还与其他类型的信号传导分子(例如C末端编码的多肽下游)合作,在营养素获取和根系生长的调节中发挥作用。由于细胞分裂素是维持茎尖分生组织的关键调节剂,因此加深我们对细胞分裂素生物合成和响应氮的转运的调节机制的理解,不仅对植物生长的基本理解很重要,而且对于确保农业生产的稳定性也很重要。 。
更新日期:2020-10-04
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