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228‐nm quadrupled quasi‐three‐level Nd:GdVO4 laser for ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy of explosives and biological molecules
Journal of Raman Spectroscopy ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-05 , DOI: 10.1002/jrs.5999 Sergei V. Bykov 1 , Ryan D. Roppel 1 , Michael Mao 2 , Sanford A. Asher 1
Journal of Raman Spectroscopy ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-05 , DOI: 10.1002/jrs.5999 Sergei V. Bykov 1 , Ryan D. Roppel 1 , Michael Mao 2 , Sanford A. Asher 1
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We describe a new compact diode‐pumped solid‐state frequency quadrupled quasi‐three‐level neodymium‐doped gadolinium vanadate (Nd:GdVO4) laser that generates ~50 mW of 228‐nm quasi‐continuous wave light as ns pulses at a tunable kilohertz repetition rate. We developed two generations of this laser. The first generation has a high duty cycle and a tunable repetition rate. The second generation is optimized for maximum output power. We utilize these new lasers to measure ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) spectra of many important chromophores that absorb in deep ultraviolet (UV). We demonstrate the utility of this excitation by measuring the 228‐nm absolute differential Raman cross sections of explosives, peptides, aromatic amino acids, and DNA/RNA nucleotides. Deep UV excitation at 228 nm occurs within the π → π* electronic transitions of these molecules. The 228‐nm resonance excitation enhances the Raman intensities of vibrations of NOx groups, peptide bonds, aromatic amino acid side chains, and DNA/RNA nucleotides. The measured 228‐nm UVRR cross sections of these molecules are 103–104 fold greater than those excited in the visible spectral region. These new lasers should be of great interest for UVRR spectroscopy and for other applications that benefit from compact, high average power deep UV laser light sources with low peak powers.
中文翻译：
228 nm四重准三能级Nd：GdVO4激光器，用于炸药和生物分子的紫外共振拉曼光谱
我们描述了一种新型的紧凑型二极管泵浦固态频率四倍准三级掺钕钒酸钒（Nd：GdVO 4）激光器，以ns脉冲形式以可调的千赫兹重复频率产生约50 mW的228 nm准连续波光。我们开发了两代这种激光器。第一代具有高占空比和可调的重复率。第二代针对最大输出功率进行了优化。我们利用这些新型激光器来测量吸收深紫外（UV）的许多重要生色团的紫外共振拉曼（UVRR）光谱。我们通过测量炸药，多肽，芳香族氨基酸和DNA / RNA核苷酸的228 nm绝对差分拉曼截面来证明这种激发的效用。这些分子的π→π*电子跃迁在228 nm处发生深紫外激发。228 nm共振激发增强了NO x振动的拉曼强度基团，肽键，芳香族氨基酸侧链和DNA / RNA核苷酸。这些分子测得的228 nm UVRR截面比在可见光谱区中激发的截面大10 3 – 10 4倍。这些新型激光器对于UVRR光谱学和其他受益于紧凑，高平均功率，低峰值功率的深层UV激光光源应引起极大兴趣。
更新日期：2020-12-10
中文翻译：
228 nm四重准三能级Nd：GdVO4激光器，用于炸药和生物分子的紫外共振拉曼光谱
我们描述了一种新型的紧凑型二极管泵浦固态频率四倍准三级掺钕钒酸钒（Nd：GdVO 4）激光器，以ns脉冲形式以可调的千赫兹重复频率产生约50 mW的228 nm准连续波光。我们开发了两代这种激光器。第一代具有高占空比和可调的重复率。第二代针对最大输出功率进行了优化。我们利用这些新型激光器来测量吸收深紫外（UV）的许多重要生色团的紫外共振拉曼（UVRR）光谱。我们通过测量炸药，多肽，芳香族氨基酸和DNA / RNA核苷酸的228 nm绝对差分拉曼截面来证明这种激发的效用。这些分子的π→π*电子跃迁在228 nm处发生深紫外激发。228 nm共振激发增强了NO x振动的拉曼强度基团，肽键，芳香族氨基酸侧链和DNA / RNA核苷酸。这些分子测得的228 nm UVRR截面比在可见光谱区中激发的截面大10 3 – 10 4倍。这些新型激光器对于UVRR光谱学和其他受益于紧凑，高平均功率，低峰值功率的深层UV激光光源应引起极大兴趣。
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