Early-onset psychosis disorders are serious mental disorders arising before the age of 18 years. Here, we investigate the largest neuroimaging dataset, to date, of patients with early-onset psychosis and healthy controls for differences in intracranial and subcortical brain volumes. The sample included 263 patients with early-onset psychosis (mean age: 16.4 ± 1.4 years, mean illness duration: 1.5 ± 1.4 years, 39.2% female) and 359 healthy controls (mean age: 15.9 ± 1.7 years, 45.4% female) with magnetic resonance imaging data, pooled from 11 clinical cohorts. Patients were diagnosed with early-onset schizophrenia (n = 183), affective psychosis (n = 39), or other psychotic disorders (n = 41). We used linear mixed-effects models to investigate differences in intracranial and subcortical volumes across the patient sample, diagnostic subgroup and antipsychotic medication, relative to controls. We observed significantly lower intracranial (Cohen's d = −0.39) and hippocampal (d = −0.25) volumes, and higher caudate (d = 0.25) and pallidum (d = 0.24) volumes in patients relative to controls. Intracranial volume was lower in both early-onset schizophrenia (d = −0.34) and affective psychosis (d = −0.42), and early-onset schizophrenia showed lower hippocampal (d = −0.24) and higher pallidum (d = 0.29) volumes. Patients who were currently treated with antipsychotic medication (n = 193) had significantly lower intracranial volume (d = −0.42). The findings demonstrate a similar pattern of brain alterations in early-onset psychosis as previously reported in adult psychosis, but with notably low intracranial volume. The low intracranial volume suggests disrupted neurodevelopment in adolescent early-onset psychosis.

中文翻译：

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早发性精神病青少年的颅内和皮质下体积：ENIGMA 联盟的多中心大型分析

早发性精神病是 18 岁之前出现的严重精神障碍。在这里，我们研究了迄今为止最大的神经影像数据集，包括早发性精神病患者和健康对照组的颅内和皮质下脑体积差异。样本包括 263 名早发性精神病患者（平均年龄：16.4 ± 1.4 岁，平均病程：1.5 ± 1.4 年，39.2% 女性）和 359 名健康对照者（平均年龄：15.9 ± 1.7 岁，45.4% 女性），磁共振成像数据，汇集自 11 个临床队列。患者被诊断患有早发性精神分裂症 ( n  = 183)、情感性精神病 ( n  = 39) 或其他精神障碍 ( n  = 41)。我们使用线性混合效应模型来研究患者样本、诊断亚组和抗精神病药物相对于对照组的颅内和皮质下体积的差异。 我们观察到，与对照组相比，患者的颅内（Cohen's d  = -0.39）和海马（d = -0.25）体积显着较低 ，而尾状核（d  = 0.25）和苍白球（d = 0.24）体积较高。早发性精神分裂症（d  = -0.34）和情感性精神病（d  = -0.42）的颅内体积均较低，早发性精神分裂症表现出较低的海马体积（d  = -0.24）和较高的苍白球体积（d  = 0.29）。目前正在接受抗精神病药物治疗的患者 ( n  = 193) 颅内容量显着降低 ( d  = -0.42)。研究结果表明，早发性精神病的大脑改变模式与之前报道的成人精神病相似，但颅内容量明显较低。颅内容量低表明青少年早发性精神病的神经发育受到干扰。