Efforts to understand the emergence of an event require our ability to measure and understand the dynamics between time in a state (e.g., being alive or a behavior) and the outcome of the state. Studying the main drivers that affect changes in state over time allows researchers to better understand population dynamics and evolutionary processes. Event history analyses provide a range of theoretical and empirical tools to explore the emergence of an event. Their use is still restricted in ecology; however, they are commonly used in human demography. Event history analysis is a powerful tool for measuring the probability that an event occurs at time t. Here, we provide an introductory guide for ecologists who are interested in exploring event history analyses in their research. In the first part of this article, we outline key concepts in event history analyses and present a decision tree, statistical techniques, and their applications to ecological questions. To introduce practical applications of event history analyses, we provide four detailed tutorials, stemming from observational and longitudinal records of events in mammalian and avian species, along with relevant R scripts. We then explain how to interpret and present results of such analyses. Our results show that event history analyses are useful to quantify the effect of factors on the emergence of events. We conclude by highlighting additional strengths, pitfalls, and limitations researchers should be aware of when using such methods. We foresee the use of event history analyses for ecological studies.

中文翻译：

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生态学家对事件历史分析的介绍

努力理解事件的发生需要我们具有测量和理解状态的时间（例如，还活着或行为）与状态的结果之间的动态关系的能力。研究影响状态随时间变化的主要驱动因素，可以使研究人员更好地了解种群动态和进化过程。事件历史分析提供了一系列理论和经验工具来探索事件的出现。它们的使用在生态上仍然受到限制；但是，它们通常用于人类人口统计中。事件历史记录分析是衡量事件在时间t发生的概率的强大工具。在这里，我们为有兴趣探索研究中的事件历史分析的生态学家提供了入门指南。在本文的第一部分，我们概述了事件历史分析中的关键概念，并提出了决策树，统计技术及其在生态学问题中的应用。为了介绍事件历史分析的实际应用，我们提供了四个详细的教程，这些教程源于哺乳动物和禽类事件的观察性和纵向记录以及相关的R脚本。然后，我们解释如何解释和呈现此类分析的结果。我们的结果表明，事件历史记录分析可用于量化因素对事件出现的影响。最后，我们着重强调其他优势，陷阱，和局限性研究人员在使用此类方法时应注意。我们预见到事件历史分析将用于生态学研究。