W43NA ePOSTER BASIC RESEARCH

Background: The maxillofacial bioarchaeology can bring information about the dental, bone and soft tissue structure that can infer about the health condition and possible diseases that affect the researched individual. Carbon‐14 (C‐14) is a naturally occurring radioactive isotope that is present in organic material. After the death of an organism, the amount of C‐14 decreases at a constant rate. In radiocarbon dating, the amount of C‐14 and its ratio to its isotopes can accurately determine age.

Aim/Hypothesis: The aim of the study was to perform the dating of a skull with indications of belonging to an Egyptian mummy found in southern Brazil. Through radiographic, histopathological and 3D reconstruction studies, he sought to assess dental and skeletal condition.

Materials and Methods: The skull was subjected to panoramic X‐rays and computed tomography. Using a biological safety cabinet, molar teeth were extracted. Two portions of the bone structure of the mandibular symphysis were removed for study by radiocarbon 14. A biopsy of the medial portion of the right masseter muscle was referred for histopathological analysis along with a portion of the mandibular bone. The bone tissue was fixed in 10% buffered formalin, decalcification in either a solution of 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7–8 for approximately 8–10 weeks, solution changed once a week) or 5% formic acid (diluted in water, for approximately 1 week), and embedding in paraffin. After the specimen was sectioned, the slides were stained using the Eosin Hematoxylin technique

Results: The analysis of the panoramic X‐ray examination allowed to verify an oblique fracture in the region of the mandibular symphysis. In the maxilla, tooth loss and bone atrophy were noted. Radiographic images suggest the presence of alveolar bone loss and remaining teeth with incisal and occlusal wear. On tomographic examination, the mandible fracture was confirmed, as well as bone atrophy. Examination of radiocarbon 14 for dating revealed that Iret neferet lived 2470 years ago. Histopathological analysis of the bone portion showed the presence of the intact bone trabeculate and incredibly red blood cells within blood vessels. In the masseter, the presence of collagen fibers was predominant.

Conclusions and Clinical Implications: The results show that the mummy had several dental problems. The mandibular fracture may have occurred before or after his death. Possibly she lived in the period between 768‐476 BC in Egypt. The teeth have carbon 14 in their structure and their isotopes preserved for dating. The 3D reconstruction allowed a prediction of the possible face of Iret Neferet.

中文翻译：

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Iret Neferet：在巴西南部发现的木乃伊。C14约会，影像学和组织病理学

W43NA电子海报基础研究

背景：颌面生物考古学可以带来有关牙齿，骨骼和软组织结构的信息，这些信息可以推断出健康状况以及可能影响研究对象的疾病。碳14（C-14）是有机材料中天然存在的放射性同位素。生物体死亡后，C-14的量以恒定的速率下降。在放射性碳测年中，C-14的含量及其与同位素的比率可以准确确定年龄。

目的/假设：该研究的目的是对颅骨进行约会，并带有属于巴西南部发现的埃及木乃伊的迹象。通过射线照相，组织病理学和3D重建研究，他寻求评估牙齿和骨骼的状况。

材料和方法：对颅骨进行全景X射线和计算机断层扫描。使用生物安全柜，提取臼齿。取下颌骨的两部分骨结构，以通过放射性碳14进行研究。将右咬肌内侧部分的活检与下颌骨的一部分一起进行组织病理学分析。将骨组织固定在10％福尔马林缓冲液中，在10％乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）溶液（在0.1 M磷酸盐缓冲液，pH 7-8中，约8-10周，溶液每周更换一次）中脱钙或5 ％的甲酸（在水中稀释约1周），然后嵌入石蜡中。切片后，使用曙红苏木技术对载玻片染色

结果：全景X射线检查的分析可以验证下颌骨联合区的斜形骨折。在上颌骨，发现有牙齿脱落和骨萎缩。影像学检查表明存在牙槽骨丢失和剩余牙齿的切牙和咬合磨损。在断层扫描检查中，确认了下颌骨骨折以及骨萎缩。放射性碳14的测年表明，艾雷特·奈费雷特（Iret neferet）活在2470年前。骨部分的组织病理学分析表明完整的骨小梁的存在和血管内难以置信的红细胞。在咬肌中，胶原纤维占主导地位。

结论和临床意义：结果表明，木乃伊有几个牙齿问题。下颌骨骨折可能在其死亡之前或之后发生。她可能居住在公元前768-476年之间的埃及时期。牙齿的结构中有碳14，其同位素保留下来可以定年。3D重建可预测Iret Neferet的可能面孔。