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The mechanical stability of the world’s tallest broadleaf trees
Biotropica ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-05 , DOI: 10.1111/btp.12850
Tobias D. Jackson 1, 2 , Alexander F. Shenkin 2 , Noreen Majalap 3 , Jamiluddin Bin Jami 4 , Azlin Bin Sailim 4 , Glen Reynolds 4 , David A. Coomes 1 , Chris J. Chandler 5 , Doreen S. Boyd 5 , Andy Burt 6 , Phil Wilkes 6, 7 , Mathias Disney 6, 7 , Yadvinder Malhi 2
Affiliation  

The factors that limit the maximum height of trees, whether ecophysiological or mechanical, are the subject of longstanding debate. Here, we examine the role of mechanical stability in limiting tree height and focus on trees from the tallest tropical forests on Earth, in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, including the recently discovered tallest tropical tree, a 100.8 m Shorea faguetiana named Menara. We use terrestrial laser scans, in situ strain gauge data and finite element simulations, to map the architecture of tall tropical trees and monitor their response to wind loading. We demonstrate that a tree's risk of breaking due to gravity or self‐weight decreases with tree height and is much more strongly affected by tree architecture than by material properties. In contrast, wind damage risk increases with tree height despite the larger diameters of tall trees, resulting in a U‐shaped curve of mechanical risk with tree height. Our results suggest that the relative rarity of extreme wind speeds in north Borneo may be the reason it is home to the tallest trees in the tropics.

中文翻译:

世界上最高的阔叶树的机械稳定性

限制树木最大高度的因素,无论是生态的还是机械的,都是长期争论的主题。在这里,我们研究了机械稳定性在限制树高方面的作用,并着眼于马来西亚婆罗洲沙巴州地球上最高的热带森林中的树木,包括最近发现的最高热带树木,即100.8 m的Shorea faguetiana名为梅纳拉。我们使用地面激光扫描,现场应变仪数据和有限元模拟来绘制热带高大树木的结构图并监视其对风载荷的响应。我们证明,树木因重力或自重而折断的风险随树木高度的增加而降低,并且受树木结构的影响远大于受材质特性的影响。相反,尽管高大的树木直径较大,但风害风险随树高而增加,导致树高的机械风险呈U形曲线。我们的结果表明,婆罗洲北部极端风速的相对稀有性可能是其拥有热带最高树木的原因。
更新日期:2020-10-05
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