1. Marine plastic pollution is worse than expected, and we are starting to realize its full extent and severity. Solving the plastic pollution problem is not easy, as it requires the action and commitment of all sectors of our society. With a coastline extending over 4,000 km (from 18°S to 56°S), Chile is a maritime country, and since plastics are potentially harmful for marine and coastal ecosystems, food security, and public health, plastic pollution is a real threat.
2. Chile is the sixth‐largest exporter of seafood (fish, invertebrates, and algae) in the world, but the extent of plastic contamination of marine organisms, its potential effects on commercial species and aquaculture, and its subsequent effects on human health are mostly unknown.
3. Chile has recently introduced some legislation to prevent plastics from reaching the environment and the coastal ocean. Governmental and non‐governmental organizations have joined an informal alliance to take action against plastic pollution, both at a national and regional level, but stronger involvement of producers and commerce is required for effective measures.
4. Chilean scientists working on plastic pollution have created the Scientific Plastic Pollution Alliance of Chile network, aiming to promote collaborative and coordinated research focused on this pollutant. The wide geographical extent of Chile, with researchers working in diverse ecosystems, provides a unique opportunity to better understand the consequences of one of the most recent and severe threats to biodiversity.
5. Rather than solely presenting the plastic pollution problem from the scientific perspective, this paper includes views from different sectors of society. Mitigating plastic pollution is exceptionally complex, with this study highlighting the importance of local engagement, media, solving social inequities, new legislation, and law enforcement in order to advance on decreasing plastic pollution from a country‐wide perspective.

中文翻译：

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一个国家应对水生生态系统中塑料污染的应对措施：智利的方式

1. 海洋塑料污染比预期的要严重，我们已经开始意识到其全部程度和严重性。解决塑料污染问题并不容易，因为这需要我们社会各阶层的行动和承诺。智利的海岸线长达4,000多公里（从18°S到56°S），是一个海洋国家，并且由于塑料可能会对海洋和沿海生态系统，粮食安全和公共健康造成危害，因此塑料污染是一个真正的威胁。
2. 智利是世界第六大海产品出口国（鱼类，无脊椎动物和藻类），但是海洋生物受到塑料污染的程度，对商业物种和水产养殖业的潜在影响以及对人类健康的后续影响尚不清楚。
3. 智利最近制定了一些立法，以防止塑料进入环境和沿海海洋。政府组织和非政府组织已加入一个非正式联盟，以在国家和地区级别采取行动来防止塑料污染，但是要采取有效措施，必须使生产商和商业界更广泛地参与其中。
4. 从事塑料污染的智利科学家创建了智利科学塑料污染联盟网络，旨在促进针对这种污染物的合作和协调研究。智利的地域辽阔，研究人员在不同的生态系统中开展工作，提供了独特的机会，可以更好地了解对生物多样性的最新最严峻威胁之一的后果。
5. 本文不仅仅从科学的角度提出塑料污染问题，还包括社会各界的看法。减轻塑料污染异常复杂，该研究强调了地方参与，媒体，解决社会不平等，新立法和执法的重要性，以便从全国范围内着手减少塑料污染。