This study uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) to compare three process design alternatives for treating wastewater from galvanic industry. The proposed processes have been developed in according to a zero-liquid discharge, ZLD, approach and included reverse osmosis for the concentration, evaporation and crystallization of salts, mainly calcium chloride. The various scenarios differ for the type of utilities used for the operation (steam and as alternative hot water from thermal waste) and from an optimization of the crystallization step that provided an energy recovery from distillate. Results show that by using thermal waste as utilities for the operation of evaporation, crystallization and the optimization of crystallization unit is the most environmentally and economically favourable alternative.

这项研究使用生命周期评估（LCA）和生命周期成本（LCC）来比较三种工艺设计方案，用于处理电镀工业废水。所提出的方法是根据零液体排放ZLD方法开发的，并包括反渗透以浓缩，蒸发和结晶盐（主要是氯化钙）的方法。对于该操作所使用的公用事业类型（蒸汽和热废料替代热水）以及结晶步骤的优化（从馏出液中回收能量）的优化，各种方案各不相同。结果表明，利用热废料作为蒸发操作的结晶，结晶和结晶单元的优化是对环境和经济最有利的选择。