Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can provide objective and reliable data to monitor spatio‐temporal patterns of licit and illicit drug use. Numerous studies have been published relating to sampling, sample stability, validation of analytical protocols and the back-calculation of drug consumption. The majority of these studies focus on sampling from municipal sewage treatment plants, but an increasing number of studies have used WBE to monitor community-specific substance use and use during special events. This paper presents a systematic review of published WBE studies of drug use trends in educational institutions and prisons, as well as during music festivals, sporting events, and holidays. A discussion on the application and benefits of using wastewater-based epidemiology in these specific cases is presented together with an examination of current challenges and future perspectives.

基于废水的流行病学（WBE）可以提供客观可靠的数据，以监测合法和非法药物使用的时空格局。已经发表了许多有关采样，样品稳定性，分析方案的验证以及药物消耗的反计算的研究。这些研究大多数集中在市政污水处理厂的采样上，但是越来越多的研究使用WBE来监控特定社区物质的使用以及特殊事件期间的使用。本文对WBE在教育机构和监狱以及音乐节，体育赛事和假日期间对毒品使用趋势的研究进行了系统的综述。