The expansion of dairy farming in southern Brazil, mainly under a rotational grazing system, has generated soil physical changes with loss of soil quality, which in turn must be evaluated to determine how long they persist and how the soil recovers from these changes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the natural recovery of the soil physical attributes of a clayey Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico, with clayey texture), which had been managed under different intensities of dairy cattle grazing: T0 = no grazing, T30 = consumption of 30 % of available forage, T50= consumption of 50 % of available forage and T80= consumption of 80 % of available forage. The rotational grazing system consisted of a grazing period (an average of 4 h) with a variable stoking rate to achieve forage consumption. For T0, zero animals, T30 three animals, T50 six animals and T80 nine animals per 100 m² plot were used, followed by animal exclusion until the forage reached an average height of 35 cm. The grazing system was conducted for approximately 7 months, after which the animals were permanently removed from the area. The recovery of soil physical properties was monitored by soil sampling every three months for one year. The evaluated soil physical properties were porosity, bulk density and air permeability. The increase in grazing intensity negatively affected the soil physical quality. At all grazed areas, T30, T50 and T80, there was a reduction of the total porosity, the macroporosity and the soil air permeability, as well as an increase of the soil bulk density compared with the no grazed area, T0. However, 90 days after exclusion, increases in total porosity and macroporosity were observed. The angular coefficient between soil air-filled porosity and air permeability decreased as the grazing intensity increased and increased with time after grazing exclusion. Rotational grazing areas, when managed properly, can be an important tool for sustainable production. The use of grazing exclusion periods alleviates compaction, reducing the risk for forage production for the following grazing season.

巴西南部奶牛养殖场的扩张，主要是在轮作放牧制度下，已导致土壤物理变化，但土壤质量却有所下降，因此必须对其进行评估，以确定它们可持续存在多长时间以及如何从这些变化中恢复土壤。这项研究的目的是评估在不同强度的奶牛放牧条件下进行管理的黏土Oxisol（Latossolo Vermelhodistróficotípico，具有黏土质地）的土壤物理属性的自然恢复。消耗的可用草料占30％，T50 =消耗的草料占50％，T80 =消耗的草料占80％。旋转放牧系统包括一个放牧周期（平均4小时），其成草率可变，以实现草料消耗。对于T0，零动物²使用地块，然后排除动物，直到草料达到35厘米的平均高度。放牧系统进行了大约7个月，之后将动物从该区域永久移出。一年中每三个月通过土壤采样监测土壤物理性质的恢复。评价的土壤物理性质为孔隙度，堆积密度和透气性。放牧强度的增加对土壤物理质量产生负面影响。与非放牧区T0相比，在所有放牧区T30，T50和T80处，总孔隙率，大孔隙度和土壤通透性均降低，土壤容重增加。但是，排除后90天，观察到总孔隙率和大孔隙度增加。放牧后，随着放牧强度的增加，土壤充气孔隙率与透气度之间的夹角系数减小。轮牧区如果管理得当，可以成为可持续生产的重要工具。放牧排除期的使用减轻了压实，降低了下一个放牧季节草料生产的风险。