Abstract One of the key issues raised by land policies is the frequent distance between the legal and administrative frameworks as designed by the central power (i.e., formal institutional change), the effective implementation of these policies, and the actual local land practices grounded in the actors’ agency. This paper tackles this issue from a comparative perspective regarding land reforms in Algeria and Mexico, drawing on literature reviews, a sound knowledge by the authors of the two countries’ land policies, including in a historical perspective, and on the authors’ long-term involvement in first-hand field research. Despite historical, social and political differences, the comparison reveals a strikingly convergent picture that allows a certain degree of generalization either in land reform dynamics or in the local practices that emerged after the reforms were implemented. In both cases, the reforms went through successive stages of expropriation and land redistribution, reorganizational structures through which the land was accessed and used, and a specification of beneficiaries’ rights emphasizing their collective, non-tradable dimensions. Comparing the situation in Algeria and Mexico sheds light on two fields of practices that reflect the actors’ agency while facing heavy government interventions in the local governance of land: a process of de facto decollectivization of agricultural production, and individualization of land rights, and a process of illegal land commoditization, partly through sales, but mainly, through tenancy arrangements. The comparison also illustrates convergences in the form of inadequate public interventions, as well as pragmatic adjustments in administrative practices in order to accommodate for the informal dynamics of individualization and fragmentation.

中文翻译：

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从正式规则到地方实践：阿尔及利亚和墨西哥土地改革的比较视角

摘要 土地政策提出的关键问题之一是中央权力设计的法律和行政框架（即正式的制度变革）、这些政策的有效实施与基于土地的实际地方土地实践之间经常存在距离。演员的经纪公司。本文从阿尔及利亚和墨西哥土地改革的比较角度处理这个问题，借鉴了文献综述、作者对两国土地政策的充分了解，包括从历史的角度来看，以及作者的长期参与第一手实地研究。尽管存在历史、社会和政治差异，这种比较揭示了一幅惊人的趋同图景，可以在土地改革动态或改革实施后出现的地方实践中进行一定程度的概括。在这两种情况下，改革都经历了征用和土地重新分配、获取和使用土地的重组结构以及强调受益人集体、不可交易方面的权利的连续阶段。比较阿尔及利亚和墨西哥的情况，可以揭示反映行动者能动性的两个实践领域，同时面临政府对土地地方治理的大量干预：农业生产事实上的去集体化过程，土地权利的个体化，以及非法土地商品化的过程，部分通过销售，但主要是通过租赁安排。比较还说明了公共干预不足形式的趋同，以及行政实践中的务实调整，以适应个性化和碎片化的非正式动态。