Accelerating innovation in low-carbon technologies is fundamental in order to achieve global climate targets. However, only few technologies are currently on track to meet these targets. Here, we review and synthesize the innovation literature to develop a technology typology that helps explain systematic differences in technologies’ experience rates. Based on the typology, we derive implications for policy makers and climate and energy modelers. More specifically, we argue that the Paris Agreement’s focus on the national green industrial policy only suits innovation in certain types of technologies, and thus, should be complemented by top-down measures to coordinate research, development, demonstration, deployment, and regulations across countries.

加快低碳技术的创新对于实现全球气候目标至关重要。但是，目前只有少数技术可以实现这些目标。在这里，我们回顾并综合了创新文献，以开发有助于解释技术经验率系统差异的技术类型学。基于类型，我们为决策者以及气候和能源建模者带来了启示。更具体地说，我们认为《巴黎协定》对国家绿色产业政策的关注只适合某些类型的技术的创新，因此，应采用自上而下的措施来补充各国之间的研究，开发，示范，部署和法规。