Abstract

Numerous management strategies are implemented for the improvement in urban air quality worldwide, including control at tailpipe emissions. Control at the source is one of the best practices for pollution control, but this approach needs very stringent enforcement, public support, and monitoring for implementation. Besides, scientific processes-based technology to remove the pollutants from the ambient environment is also one of the approaches to improve air quality; however, high efficiency of such devices is one of the major challenges for the researchers. The present article is an attempt to review the state-of-the-art literature on such science-based technologies used to remove the pollutants from the ambient environment. The article highlighted the issues of high spatiotemporal variations in air pollution level in urban areas and methodologies available for the removal of pollutants. The efficiency of developed prototypes/devices using these processes is also compared worldwide. The technologies are available for particulate matter, and/or for gaseous pollutants. The air purification devices are designed and developed using scientific principles of bio-filtration, ionization, phytoremediation, photo-catalytic, and physical filtration. Based on the literature, it is found that ionization and physical filtration can remove particulate matter in the range of 61–95% and ~ 70%, respectively, while phytoremediation can remove in the range of 24–40%. The phytoremediation can remove NO_x in the range of 10–15%. The efficiency of devices varies as pollution load and particle size distribution pattern varies. It is suggested that such control devices would be very useful in the reduction in air pollution at the hot spot area having high spatiotemporal variations.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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审查基于科学技术的车辆污染控制解决方案

摘要

为改善世界范围内的城市空气质量，实施了许多管理策略，包括控制排气管排放。从源头进行控制是污染控制的最佳实践之一，但是这种方法需要非常严格的执法，公共支持和实施监控。此外，基于科学过程的技术从周围环境中去除污染物也是改善空气质量的方法之一。然而，这种设备的高效率是研究人员面临的主要挑战之一。本文是对有关用于从周围环境中去除污染物的基于科学技术的最新文献的尝试。这篇文章强调了城市地区空气污染水平的时空变化很大以及可用于去除污染物的方法的问题。在世界范围内，也比较了使用这些过程开发的原型/设备的效率。该技术可用于颗粒物和/或气态污染物。空气净化设备是根据生物过滤，离子化，植物修复，光催化和物理过滤的科学原理设计和开发的。根据文献，发现电离和物理过滤可以分别去除61–95％和〜70％范围内的颗粒物，而植物修复可以去除24–40％的范围内。植物修复可以去除NO 在世界范围内，也比较了使用这些过程开发的原型/设备的效率。该技术可用于颗粒物和/或气态污染物。空气净化设备是根据生物过滤，离子化，植物修复，光催化和物理过滤的科学原理设计和开发的。根据文献，发现电离和物理过滤可以分别去除61–95％和〜70％范围内的颗粒物，而植物修复可以去除24–40％的范围内。植物修复可以去除NO 在世界范围内，也比较了使用这些过程开发的原型/设备的效率。该技术可用于颗粒物和/或气态污染物。空气净化设备是根据生物过滤，离子化，植物修复，光催化和物理过滤的科学原理设计和开发的。根据文献，发现电离和物理过滤可以分别去除61–95％和〜70％范围内的颗粒物，而植物修复可以去除24–40％的范围内。植物修复可以去除NO 植物修复，光催化和物理过滤。根据文献，发现电离和物理过滤可以分别去除61–95％和〜70％范围内的颗粒物，而植物修复可以去除24–40％的范围内。植物修复可以去除NO 植物修复，光催化和物理过滤。根据文献，发现电离和物理过滤可以分别去除61–95％和〜70％范围内的颗粒物，而植物修复可以去除24–40％的范围内。植物修复可以去除NO_x的范围为10–15％。设备的效率随污染负荷和粒度分布模式的变化而变化。提出这样的控制装置对于减少时空变化大的热点地区的空气污染非常有用。

图形摘要