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Museum genomics illuminate the high specificity of a bioluminescent symbiosis across a genus of reef fish
bioRxiv - Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2020-10-12 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.01.323204
Alison Gould , Allison Fritts-Penniman , Ana Gaisiner

Symbiotic relationships between bioluminescent bacteria and fishes have evolved multiple times across hundreds of fish taxa, but relatively little is known about the specificity of these associations and how conserved they have been through time. This study describes the degree of specificity of a bioluminescent symbiosis between cardinalfishes in the genus Siphamia and luminous bacteria in the Vibrio family. Primarily using museum specimens, we investigate the co-divergence of host and symbiont and test for patterns of divergence that correlate with both biogeography and time. Contrary to expectations, we determined that the light organ symbionts of all 14 Siphamia species examined belong to one genetic clade of Photobacterium mandapamensis (Clade II), indicating that the association is highly specific and conserved across the host genus. Thus, we did not find evidence of codivergence among hosts and symbionts. We did observe that symbionts hosted by individuals sampled from colder water regions were more divergent, containing more than three times as many single nucleotide polymorphisms than the rest of the symbionts. Overall our findings indicate that the symbiosis between Siphamia fishes and P. mandapamensis Clade II has been highly conserved across a broad geographic range and through time, despite the facultative nature of the bacterial symbiont. These results suggest that this bioluminescent symbiosis could have played a key role in the evolution of the host genus and that there are conserved mechanisms regulating its specificity that have yet to be defined.

中文翻译:

博物馆的基因组学阐明了珊瑚鱼属中生物发光共生的高特异性

生物发光细菌与鱼类之间的共生关系在数百种鱼类中已经进化了许多次,但对这些关联的特异性以及它们在一段时间内的保护程度知之甚少。这项研究描述了Siphamia属的基数鱼和弧菌属的发光细菌之间的生物发光共生的特异性程度。主要使用博物馆标本,我们研究宿主和共生体的共同发散,并测试与生物地理学和时间相关的发散模式。与预期相反,我们确定所检查的所有14个Siphamia物种的轻器官共生体属于曼氏发光细菌的一个遗传进化枝(进化枝II),表明该关联是高度特异性的,并且在整个宿主属中都是保守的。从而,我们没有找到东道主和共生主义者之间共同分歧的证据。我们确实观察到,从较冷的水域采样的个体所寄养的共生体更趋异,其单核苷酸多态性比其余共生体多三倍。总体而言,我们的发现表明,尽管细菌共生体具有兼性,但在广泛的地理范围和时间范围内,Siphamia鱼与曼达曼假单胞菌Clade II之间的共生一直得到高度保护。这些结果表明,这种生物发光共生可能在宿主属的进化中发挥了关键作用,并且尚有尚未定义调节其特异性的保守机制。我们确实观察到,从较冷的水域采样的个体所寄养的共生体更趋异,其单核苷酸多态性比其余共生体多三倍。总体而言,我们的发现表明,尽管细菌共生体具有兼性,但在广泛的地理范围和时间范围内,Siphamia鱼和曼达曼假单胞菌Clade II之间的共生一直得到高度保护。这些结果表明,这种生物发光共生可能在宿主属的进化中发挥了关键作用,并且尚有尚未定义调节其特异性的保守机制。我们确实观察到,从较冷的水域采样的个体所寄养的共生体更趋异,其单核苷酸多态性比其余共生体多三倍。总体而言,我们的发现表明,尽管细菌共生体具有兼性,但在广泛的地理范围和时间范围内,Siphamia鱼与曼达曼假单胞菌Clade II之间的共生一直得到高度保护。这些结果表明,这种生物发光共生可能在宿主属的进化中发挥了关键作用,并且尚有尚未定义调节其特异性的保守机制。总体而言,我们的发现表明,尽管细菌共生体具有兼性,但在广泛的地理范围和时间范围内,Siphamia鱼与曼达曼假单胞菌Clade II之间的共生一直得到高度保护。这些结果表明,这种生物发光共生可能在宿主属的进化中发挥了关键作用,并且尚有尚未定义调节其特异性的保守机制。总体而言,我们的发现表明,尽管细菌共生体具有兼性,但在广泛的地理范围和时间范围内,Siphamia鱼与曼达曼假单胞菌Clade II之间的共生一直得到高度保护。这些结果表明,这种生物发光共生可能在宿主属的进化中发挥了关键作用,并且尚有尚未定义调节其特异性的保守机制。
更新日期:2020-10-13
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