Anglers have been among the major supporters of aquatic conservation activities in the USA through the Dingell–Johnson Act and other programs. Declining rates of participation in fishing have spurred significant efforts to recruit, retain, and reengage anglers, also known as “R3.” To make R3 strategies more effective, it is important to explore the broader sociodemographic patterns that underpin angling participation. Urban areas are variable with respect to residents’ socioeconomic status (SES), and scholars have observed lower rates of angling participation among urban residents. This heterogeneity highlights the need to understand angling participation among urban residents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the influence of aggregate sociodemographic characteristics on fishing license sales in Cook County, Illinois, the main urban center of the state. We assessed the spatial association of sociodemographic characteristics and fishing license purchase and determined the relative influence of three components (SES, household mobility, and age) from principal components analysis on fishing license purchases. We used the bivariate LISA (local indicators of spatial association) method and regression models to test for differences in demographic effect. Results revealed statistically significant spatial dependence in patterns of license sales density and aggregate SES, household mobility, and age. Aggregate SES had a negative relationship with license sales density. Conversely, aggregate household mobility and age positively influenced the density of license sales. Interactions of the three components were also investigated. Census tracts with lower mobility tended to fish more with higher SES. Census tracts with a younger population tended to fish more with higher SES. Census tracts with higher SES tended to fish less with increasing age. Our findings provide assistance in developing R3 strategies aimed at increasing participation in recreational angling by showing how demographic factors influencing license sales can be examined using census data.

中文翻译：

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社会人口学特征对伊利诺伊州库克县捕鱼许可证销售的影响

通过《丁格尔-约翰逊法》和其他计划，钓鱼者已成为美国水生生物保护活动的主要支持者。垂钓活动参与率的下降刺激了招募，保留和重新投入垂钓者（也称为“ R3”）的巨大努力。为了使R3策略更有效，重要的是探索支撑钓鱼参与的更广泛的社会人口统计学模式。城市地区在居民的社会经济地位（SES）方面是可变的，学者们观察到城市居民的钓鱼参与率较低。这种异质性凸显了需要了解城市居民之间的钓鱼参与的必要性。因此，本研究的目的是探讨伊利诺伊州库克县社会人口统计学特征对捕鱼许可证销售的影响。国家的主要城市中心。我们评估了社会人口学特征与钓鱼许可证购买的空间关联性，并通过对钓鱼许可证购买的主成分分析确定了三个组成部分（SES，家庭流动性和年龄）的相对影响。我们使用双变量LISA（空间关联的局部指标）方法和回归模型来测试人口统计学差异。结果显示，许可证销售密度和总体SES，家庭流动性和年龄的模式在统计学上具有显着的空间依赖性。SES总量与许可证销售密度呈负相关。相反，总的家庭流动性和年龄对许可证销售的密度产生积极影响。还研究了这三个组成部分的相互作用。SES较高时，行动不便的人口普查区往往捕捞更多。SES越高，人口年轻的人口普查区往往捕捞的越多。随着年龄的增长，SES较高的人口普查区往往捕捞较少。我们的发现通过展示如何使用普查数据可以检查影响许可证销售的人口因素，从而有助于制定R3策略以增加对娱乐性钓鱼的参与。