Endangered wildlife increasingly inhabits human‐dominated landscapes outside protected areas. Large‐bodied mammals require large spaces, and their ranging may be especially impacted by landscape modifications including farming, road development and urbanisation. We studied the Wagaisa community of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Uganda, which inhabit a landscape characterised by high human population density, widespread deforestation, and rapid agricultural and infrastructural development. We aimed to assess whether this dynamic, fragmented environment constrains the chimpanzees’ ranging, and to identify critical habitat patches to aid their conservation. During March–May 2018, we assessed range use from locations of direct observations and indirect signs, corroborated by longer‐term behavioural monitoring of the chimpanzees (June 2018–December 2019). No evidence of limited ranging was found. The Wagaisa chimpanzees used an area measuring ≥ 43 km² (100% MCP) and ranged extensively in the anthropogenic matrix. Most frequently used parts of the range (‘core habitat areas’) centred around small (5–20 acres), widely dispersed remnant forest patches and exotic eucalyptus plantations. Forty per cent of chimpanzee nests were constructed in eucalyptus trees, suggesting a behavioural adjustment to landscape changes. Actions to facilitate conservation of these ‘village chimpanzees’ and others surviving in transformed human‐dominated habitat need not conflict with the sustainable development of the region.

中文翻译：

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生存极限：在乌干达森林砍伐的人类主导景观中，黑猩猩的活动范围不受限制

濒临灭绝的野生动植物越来越多地栖息在保护区外的人类主导景观中。大体哺乳动物需要较大的空间，其范围可能特别受到包括农业，道路发展和城市化在内的景观改造的影响。我们研究了Wagaisa黑猩猩群落（Pan troglodytes）居住在乌干达，人口众多，森林砍伐广泛，农业和基础设施发展迅速。我们旨在评估这种动态的，零散的环境是否会限制黑猩猩的活动范围，并确定关键的栖息地斑块，以帮助保护它们。在2018年3月至5月期间，我们评估了黑猩猩的长期行为监测（2018年6月至2019年12月），从直接观察和间接迹象的地点评估了范围的使用。没有发现范围有限的证据。Wagaisa黑猩猩使用的面积≥43 km ²（100％MCP），并在人为基质中广泛分布。该范围中最常用的部分（“核心栖息地”）以小（5至20英亩），广泛分布的残留森林斑块和外来桉树人工林为中心。黑猩猩巢中有40％是在桉树上建造的，这表明对景观变化的行为进行了调整。促进这些“村庄黑猩猩”及其他在人类主导的栖息地中幸存的动物的保护的行动不必与该地区的可持续发展相冲突。