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Intraspecific variation and energy channel coupling within a Chilean kelp forest
Ecology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-14 , DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3198
Emma A. Elliott Smith 1, 2 , Chris Harrod 3, 4, 5 , Felipe Docmac 3, 4 , Seth D. Newsome 2
Affiliation  

The widespread importance of variable types of primary production, or energy channels, to consumer communities has become increasingly apparent. However, the mechanisms underlying this 'multichannel' feeding remain poorly understood, especially for aquatic ecosystems that pose unique logistical constraints given the diversity of potential energy channels. Here, we use bulk tissue isotopic analysis along with carbon isotope (δ13 C) analysis of individual amino acids to characterize the relative contribution of pelagic and benthic energy sources to a kelp forest consumer community in northern Chile. We measured bulk tissue δ13 C and δ15 N for >120 samples; of these we analyzed δ13 C values of six essential amino acids (EAA) from nine primary producer groups (n=41) and eleven representative nearshore consumer taxa (n=56). Using EAA δ13 C data, we employed linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to assess how distinct EAA δ13 C values were between local pelagic (phytoplankton/particulate organic matter), and benthic (kelps, red and green algae) endmembers. With this model, we were able to correctly classify nearly 90% of producer samples to their original groupings, a significant improvement on traditional bulk isotopic analysis. With this EAA isotopic library, we then generated probability distributions for the most important sources of production for each individual consumer and species using a bootstrap-resampling LDA approach. We found evidence for multichannel feeding within the community at the species level. Invertebrates tended to focus on either pelagic or benthic energy, deriving 13-67% of their EAA from pelagic sources. In contrast, mobile (fish) taxa at higher trophic levels used more equal proportions of each channel, ranging from 19-47% pelagically-derived energy. Within a taxon, multichannel feeding was a result of specialization among individuals in energy channel usage, with 37 of 56 individual consumers estimated to derive >80% of their EAA from a single channel. Our study reveals how a cutting-edge isotopic technique can characterize the dynamics of energy flow in coastal food webs, a topic which has been historically difficult to address. More broadly, our work provides a mechanism as to how multichannel feeding may occur in nearshore communities, and we suggest this pattern be investigated in additional ecosystems.

中文翻译:

智利海带林内的种内变异和能量通道耦合

不同类型的初级生产或能源渠道对消费者社区的广泛重要性已经变得越来越明显。然而,这种“多通道”摄食背后的机制仍然知之甚少,特别是对于由于潜在能量通道的多样性而造成独特后勤限制的水生生态系统。在这里,我们使用大块组织同位素分析以及单个氨基酸的碳同位素 (δ13 C) 分析来表征远洋和底栖能源对智利北部海带森林消费群落的相对贡献。我们测量了 > 120 个样本的大块组织 δ13 C 和 δ15 N;其中,我们分析了来自 9 个初级生产者组(n=41)和 11 个代表性近岸消费者类群(n=56)的 6 种必需氨基酸 (EAA) 的 δ13 C 值。使用 EAA δ13 C 数据,我们采用线性判别分析 (LDA) 来评估 EAA δ13 C 值在局部远洋(浮游植物/颗粒有机物)和底栖(海带、红藻和绿藻)端元之间的差异。使用此模型,我们能够将近 90% 的生产者样品正确分类为原始分组,这是对传统批量同位素分析的重大改进。有了这个 EAA 同位素库,我们然后使用引导重采样 LDA 方法为每个消费者和物种的最重要的生产来源生成概率分布。我们在物种水平上发现了社区内多渠道喂养的证据。无脊椎动物倾向于集中于远洋或底栖能源,其 EAA 的 13-67% 来自远洋来源。相比之下,较高营养级的移动(鱼类)类群使用更平等的每个通道比例,范围为 19-47% 的远洋衍生能量。在一个分类群中,多通道饲养是个体在能量通道使用方面的专业化的结果,估计 56 位个体消费者中有 37 位从单个通道中获得 >80% 的 EAA。我们的研究揭示了尖端同位素技术如何表征沿海食物网中能量流动的动态,这是历史上难以解决的话题。更广泛地说,我们的工作提供了一种关于如何在近岸社区中发生多通道进食的机制,我们建议在其他生态系统中研究这种模式。多渠道喂养是个人在能源渠道使用方面的专业化的结果,估计 56 位个人消费者中有 37 位从单一渠道获得超过 80% 的 EAA。我们的研究揭示了尖端同位素技术如何表征沿海食物网中能量流动的动态,这是历史上难以解决的话题。更广泛地说,我们的工作提供了一种关于如何在近岸社区中发生多通道进食的机制,我们建议在其他生态系统中研究这种模式。多渠道喂养是个人在能源渠道使用方面的专业化的结果,估计 56 位个人消费者中有 37 位从单一渠道获得超过 80% 的 EAA。我们的研究揭示了尖端同位素技术如何表征沿海食物网中能量流动的动态,这是历史上难以解决的话题。更广泛地说,我们的工作提供了一种关于如何在近岸社区中发生多通道进食的机制,我们建议在其他生态系统中研究这种模式。一个历史上难以解决的话题。更广泛地说,我们的工作提供了一种关于如何在近岸社区中发生多通道进食的机制,我们建议在其他生态系统中研究这种模式。一个历史上难以解决的话题。更广泛地说,我们的工作提供了一种关于如何在近岸社区中发生多通道进食的机制,我们建议在其他生态系统中研究这种模式。
更新日期:2020-11-14
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