Resistance to human immunodeficiency virus infection: a rare but neglected state,Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Resistance to human immunodeficiency virus infection: a rare but neglected state
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-02 , DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14452
Catherine Tamalet ₁ , Christian Devaux ₁ , Gregory Dubourg ₁ , Philippe Colson ₁

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The natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is well understood. In most individuals sexually exposed to HIV, the risk of becoming infected depends on the viral load and on sexual practices and gender. However, a low percentage of individuals who practice frequent unprotected sexual intercourse with HIV-infected partners remain uninfected. Although the systematic study of these individuals has made it possible to identify HIV resistance factors including protective genetic patterns, such epidemiological situations remain paradoxical and not fully understood. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HIV-free, unexposed blood donors are not equally susceptible to HIV infection; in addition, PBMCs from highly exposed seronegative individuals are generally resistant to infection by primary HIV clinical isolates. We review the literature on permissiveness of PBMCs from healthy blood donors and uninfected hyperexposed individuals to sustained infection and replication of HIV-1 in vitro. In addition, we focus on recent evidence indicating that the gut microbiota may either contribute to natural resistance to or delay replication of HIV infected individuals.

中文翻译：

抵抗人类免疫缺陷病毒感染：一种罕见但被忽视的状态

人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染的自然史是众所周知的。在大多数性接触 HIV 的人中，被感染的风险取决于病毒载量以及性行为和性别。然而，与感染艾滋病毒的伴侣频繁进行无保护性交的人中，只有一小部分人未被感染。尽管对这些人的系统研究使得确定包括保护性遗传模式在内的 HIV 抵抗因素成为可能，但这种流行病学情况仍然是矛盾的，并且尚未完全了解。体外实验表明，来自无 HIV、未暴露于 HIV 的献血者的外周血单核细胞 (PBMC) 对 HIV 感染的易感性不同；此外，来自高度暴露的血清阴性个体的 PBMCs 通常对原发 HIV 临床分离株的感染具有抗性。我们回顾了关于来自健康献血者和未感染过度暴露个体的 PBMC 对 HIV-1 体外持续感染和复制的容许性的文献。此外，我们关注最近的证据，表明肠道微生物群可能有助于对 HIV 感染者的自然抵抗力或延迟其复制。

更新日期：2020-10-02

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