The control of mRNA translation has key roles in the regulation of gene expression and biological processes such as mammalian cellular differentiation and identity. Methodological advances in the last decade have resulted in considerable progress towards understanding how translational control contributes to the regulation of diverse biological phenomena. In this review, we discuss recent findings in the involvement of translational control in the mammalian neocortex development and neuronal biology. We focus on regulatory mechanisms that modulate translational efficiency during neural stem cells self-renewal and differentiation, as well as in neuronal-related processes such as synapse, plasticity, and memory.

mRNA翻译的控制在基因表达和生物学过程（如哺乳动物细胞分化和身份）的调节中具有关键作用。过去十年中的方法学进步在理解转化控制如何有助于调节多种生物现象方面取得了相当大的进展。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了翻译控制参与哺乳动物新皮质发育和神经元生物学的最新发现。我们专注于在神经干细胞自我更新和分化以及神经元相关过程（如突触、可塑性和记忆）中调节翻译效率的调节机制。