Abstract There are various types of polymetallic mineralization in lower Cambrian black shales from South China, including Ni Mo, Ba, P, and V deposits. However, the origin of this diverse mineralization is controversial, with debate existing as to whether seawater or hydrothermal fluids were more important. In addition, the effects of biological activity have also been proposed to be important. To assess these factors, we systematically compared the geological and mineralization characteristics of these deposits. The formation mechanisms of each deposit share common features, such as the ore-forming elements being supplied by hydrothermal fluids and seawater, and the role of biological activity in mineralization. However, there are also differences in the formation mechanisms of each deposit. We propose a genetic model involving three controls (seawater–hydrothermal fluids–biological activity) for the mineral deposits hosted in the black shales. Further research should focus on the multi-stage and complex ore-forming processes and, in particular, the role of biological activity in mineralization. This may have general significance for such deposits worldwide.

中文翻译：

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华南下寒武统黑色页岩多金属成矿作用综述：海水、热液和生物活动的综合作用

摘要 华南下寒武统黑色页岩多金属矿化类型多样，包括镍钼、钡、磷、钒等矿床。然而，这种多样化矿化的起源是有争议的，存在关于海水或热液流体是否更重要的争论。此外，生物活性的影响也被认为是重要的。为了评估这些因素，我们系统地比较了这些矿床的地质和矿化特征。各矿床的形成机制具有共同的特点，如成矿元素由热液和海水提供，生物活动在成矿中的作用等。但各矿床的形成机制也存在差异。我们提出了一个遗传模型，涉及黑色页岩中矿床的三个控制（海水-热液-生物活动）。进一步的研究应侧重于多阶段和复杂的成矿过程，特别是生物活动在成矿中的作用。这对于全世界的此类矿床可能具有普遍意义。