Abstract The present study deals with the development and characterisation of a carbon electrode for the process of capacitive deionisation (CDI). Special attention was paid to an analysis of the decline in electrode performance over time and to a more detailed understanding of the related degradation processes. Besides electrode blockage by Ca2+ and Mg2+ precipitates, an additional degradation process, resulting in an irreversible electrode surface modification reducing its salt adsorption capacity, was identified. The mechanism of electrode surface modification based on the anodic oxygen evolution reaction, as well as the interaction of the surface modified by on this way formed oxygen containing functional groups with charged species present in the treated water, were discovered. A method of preventing or at least reducing the above-mentioned degradation process is proposed.

中文翻译：

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电容去离子中的电极降解机制

摘要 本研究涉及用于电容去离子 (CDI) 过程的碳电极的开发和表征。对电极性能随时间下降的分析以及对相关降解过程的更详细了解给予了特别关注。除了 Ca2+ 和 Mg2+ 沉淀物堵塞电极外，还确定了一个额外的降解过程，导致不可逆的电极表面改性，降低了其盐吸附能力。发现了基于阳极析氧反应的电极表面改性机制，以及通过这种方式改性的表面与处理水中存在的带电物质之间形成的含氧官能团的相互作用。