In modern aerospace, nuclear energy, electric power and other high-tech industries, increasingly more requirements are put forward for the enhanced performance and functionality of lubricating materials. In recent years, intelligent lubricating materials and structures with properties on demand and bionic functions by imitating the life system have aroused great interest. The trigger and feedback behaviors of functional ingredients endow intelligent materials with the ability of controllable lubrication. However, there is still a lack of a review that outlines these encouraging results. In this review, the category and lubrication mechanism of the widely used solid lubricants are summarized, and then the novel intelligent lubricating technologies with micro/nanocontainers are comprehensively introduced, including the materials, sizes and synthetic methods of micro/nanocontainers. The stimuli-responsive behaviors and tribological properties of intelligent composites storing liquid lubricants are discussed. On the basis of four kinds of dual functional lubricating materials, the reported preparation strategies and the achieved performance are introduced, and potential functionalization methods are also presented. Finally, the review ends with a brief summary and some future perspectives.

在现代航空航天，核能，电力和其他高科技产业中，对润滑材料的增强性能和功能提出了越来越多的要求。近年来，通过模仿生命系统而具有按需特性和仿生功能的智能润滑材料和结构引起了人们的极大兴趣。功能成分的触发和反馈行为赋予智能材料以可控的润滑能力。但是，仍然缺少概述这些令人鼓舞结果的评论。在这篇综述中，总结了广泛使用的固体润滑剂的种类和润滑机理，然后全面介绍了具有微/纳米容器的新型智能润滑技术，包括材料，微米/纳米容器的尺寸和合成方法。讨论了存储液体润滑剂的智能复合材料的刺激响应行为和摩擦学性能。在四种双功能润滑脂的基础上，介绍了所报道的制备策略和达到的性能，并提出了潜在的功能化方法。最后，回顾以一个简短的总结和一些未来的观点结束。