Abstract Increasing starter intake has been correlated with greater average daily gain (ADG) and less digestive problems in pre-weaning calves. Forage inclusion in mash starter feed as well as the whole (compared to the ground) grain provision in the starter feed are among the studied ways to increase starter intake. Forty-four Holstein female calves (body weight = 39.67 ± 5.9 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 the dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were: (1) mash starter feed containing ground corn grain and without forage provision (WS0-GC); (2) mash starter feed containing whole corn grain and without forage provision (WS0-WC); (3) mash starter feed containing ground corn grain with 100 g/kg forage provision (WS10-GC); and (4) mash starter feed containing whole corn grain and with 100 g/kg forage provision (WS10-WC). The calves were housed in individual pens bedded with clean wheat straw. Calves were weaned at 60 d of age and stayed on study until d 75. The dry matter intake (DMI) as well as starter intake were different among treatments within the pre-weaning period; significant interaction between forage and corn grain physical form indicated that WS10-GC group had the greatest DMI and starter intake (P = 0.05), but this greater intake did not result in greater ADG for those calves. Regardless of forage, whole corn grain inclusion resulted in less starter intake during post-weaning period. Neither pre-weaning nor post-weaning ADG was affected by treatments. Without any effect on pre-weaning gain:feed ratio, forage provision led to the least gain:feed (P = 0.04) but whole corn grain inclusion tended to improve gain:feed (P = 0.10) during post-weaning. Pre- and post-weaning blood total protein concentrations were greater in whole corn grain fed calves (P

中文翻译：

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起始饲料的玉米粒形式（地面与整粒）和饲草供应之间的潜在交互影响：对强化牛奶喂养的荷斯坦犊牛生长和健康状况的影响

摘要 增加开食料的摄入量与更高的平均日增重 (ADG) 和更少的断奶前小牛的消化问题相关。在发酵剂饲料中加入粗饲料以及在发酵剂饲料中提供全谷物（与地面相比）是增加发酵剂摄入量的研究方法之一。44 头荷斯坦雌性小牛（体重 = 39.67 ± 5.9 kg）被随机分配到 4 种饮食处理中的 1 种，采用 2 × 2 因子处理的完全随机设计。处理是： (1) 含有磨碎的玉米粒且不提供草料 (WS0-GC) 的糊状发酵剂；(2) 含有全玉米粒且不提供草料的醪料起始饲料（WS0-WC）；(3) 含有 100 g/kg 草料的磨碎玉米粒的醪启动料 (WS10-GC)；(4) 含有全玉米粒和 100 g/kg 饲草供应的醪启动料 (WS10-WC)。小牛被圈养在单独的围栏里，围栏里铺着干净的麦秆。犊牛在 60 日龄断奶并继续研究至第 75 天。断奶前各处理的干物质采食量 (DMI) 和开食料采食量不同；牧草和玉米粒物理形态之间的显着相互作用表明 WS10-GC 组具有最大的 DMI 和开食料摄入量（P = 0.05），但这种更高的摄入量并未导致这些犊牛的 ADG 更高。不管饲草如何，在断奶后期间加入全玉米谷物会导致开食料的摄入量减少。断奶前和断奶后 ADG 均不受治疗影响。对断奶前增重：饲料比没有任何影响，饲草供应导致的增重：饲料最少（P = 0。04) 但在断奶后添加全玉米谷物往往会提高增重：饲料 (P = 0.10)。全谷物喂养的犊牛断奶前和断奶后的血液总蛋白浓度更高（P