Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was shown to lead to the development of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), which are associated with long term cognitive decline and gait disturbances in patients. The elderly is one of the most vulnerable parts of the population to suffer TBI. Importantly, ageing is known to exacerbate microvascular fragility and to promote the formation of CMBs. In this overview, the effect of ageing is discussed on the development and characteristics of TBI-related CMBs, with special emphasis on CMBs associated with mild TBI. Four cases of TBI-related CMBs are described to illustrate the concept that ageing exacerbates the deleterious microvascular effects of TBI and that similar brain trauma may induce more CMBs in old patients than in young ones. Recommendations are made for future prospective studies to establish the mechanistic effects of ageing on the formation of CMBs after TBI, and to determine long-term consequences of CMBs on clinically relevant outcome measures including cognitive performance, gait and balance function.

创伤性脑损伤（TBI）被证明会导致脑微出血（CMB）的发生，这与患者的长期认知能力下降和步态障碍有关。老年人是最容易遭受 TBI 的人群之一。重要的是，众所周知，衰老会加剧微血管脆弱性并促进 CMB 的形成。在本概述中，讨论了衰老对 TBI 相关 CMB 的发展和特征的影响，特别强调与轻度 TBI 相关的 CMB。本文描述了四个与 TBI 相关的 CMB 病例，以说明衰老会加剧 TBI 的有害微血管效应，并且类似的脑外伤可能会在老年患者中比年轻患者诱发更多的 CMB。建议未来进行前瞻性研究，以确定衰老对 TBI 后 CMB 形成的机制影响，并确定 CMB 对临床相关结果指标（包括认知表现、步态和平衡功能）的长期影响。