Genetic gains in wheat yield have stagnated over the years due to genetic drift. There is a need to create new genetic variation for yield using various methods including ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS). The use of EMS mutagenesis is limited by variations in lethality, efficiency and effectiveness, which confound to selection. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological variation in wheat after EMS mutagenesis. Wheat genotype LM43 was subjected to EMS mutagenesis under the following conditions: 0.1% v/v for 1 h at 25 °C, 0.1% v/v for 1 h at 30 °C and 0.7% v/v for 1.5 h at 25 °C. Some mutant plants in M1 had significantly (p < 0.05) higher spikelets per spike and kernels per spike. The number of tillers and kernels per spike increased significantly at M2 generation. EMS treatment with 0.1% v/v for 1 h at 30 °C was the most effective and efficient with the lowest biological damage. Macro-mutations were observed in spike, peduncle, awn and flag leaf morphology. The study identified early generation mutants that could be exploited for improving drought tolerance, yield and biomass, or for genetic analysis to identify quantitative trait loci in wheat.

中文翻译：

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可变甲磺酸乙酯诱变下小麦（Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.）的形态变异

由于遗传漂变，小麦产量的遗传收益多年来一直停滞不前。需要使用包括甲磺酸乙酯 (EMS) 在内的各种方法为产量创造新的遗传变异。EMS 诱变的使用受到致死率、效率和有效性变化的限制，这些变化与选择相混淆。本研究的目的是评估 EMS 诱变后小麦的形态变异。小麦基因型 LM43 在以下条件下进行 EMS 诱变：0.1% v/v 在 25°C 下 1 小时，0.1% v/v 在 30°C 下 1 小时和 0.7% v/v 在 25°下1.5 小时C。M1 中的一些突变植物具有显着（p < 0.05）更高的每穗小穗和每穗谷粒。每个穗的分蘖数和籽粒数在 M2 代显着增加。EMS 处理 0。1% v/v 在 30 °C 下 1 小时是最有效和最有效的，生物损伤最低。在穗、花序梗、芒和旗叶形态中观察到宏观突变。该研究确定了可用于提高耐旱性、产量和生物量，或用于遗传分析以确定小麦数量性状位点的早期突变体。