Mechanical behaviour of pre-stressed fibre-reinforced composites is modelled in a geometrically exact setting. A general approach which includes two different reference configurations is employed: one configuration corresponds to the load-free state of the structure and another one to the stress-free state of each material particle. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated in terms of a viscoelastic material model; both the matrix and the fibre are modelled using a multiplicative split of the deformation gradient tensor; a transformation rule for initial conditions is elaborated and specified. Apart from its simplicity, an important advantage of the approach is that well-established numerical algorithms can be used for pre-stressed inelastic structures. The interrelation between the advocated approach and the widely used “opening angle” approach is clarified. A full-scale FEM simulation confirms the main predictions of the “opening angle” approach. A locking effect is discovered: in some cases the opening angle of the composite is essentially smaller than the opening angles of its individual layers. Thus, the standard cutting test typically used to analyse pre-stresses does not carry enough information and more refined experimental techniques are needed.

预应力纤维增强复合材料的机械性能在几何精确设置中建模。采用包括两种不同参考配置的通用方法：一种配置对应于结构的无负载状态，另一种对应于每个材料粒子的无应力状态。该方法的适用性在粘弹性材料模型方面得到证明；矩阵和纤维都使用变形梯度张量的乘法分裂建模；对初始条件的转换规则进行了阐述和规定。除了简单之外，该方法的一个重要优点是成熟的数值算法可用于预应力非弹性结构。阐明了提倡的方法与广泛使用的“开角”方法之间的相互关系。全尺寸 FEM 模拟证实了“张角”方法的主要预测。发现了一种锁定效应：在某些情况下，复合材料的张开角度基本上小于其各个层的张开角度。因此，通常用于分析预应力的标准切割测试没有提供足够的信息，需要更精细的实验技术。