We report on the design and modeling of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) integrated in the lateral direction with a cascade of multiple passive cavities. The scheme is proposed to increase the bandwidth of the VCSEL in the mm-waveband to generate ultra-high-frequency oscillations with low-frequency chirp. The model treats the transverse feedback induced by the cascaded transverse coupled cavities (TTCs) as time delay of the transverse slow light due to round trips in these cavities. The simulation is based on numerical integration of the modified time-delay rate equations of the intensity and phase of the electric field. The simulation results are used to optimize the TCCs parameters, including the coupling ratio and TCC length, for generating ultra-high-frequency signals with high intensity, low chirping and low distortion. The obtained results show that the proposed structure could achieve 300% enhancement of the modulation bandwidth of the C-VCSEL due to either extended carrier-photon resonance (CPR) frequencies of photon–photon resonance (PPR). Signals with frequencies as high as (40–49 GHz) with second-harmonic distortion lower than − 30 dB are presented.

中文翻译：

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在级联横向耦合腔集成的 VCSEL 中产生超高频振荡的建模

我们报告了横向集成的垂直腔面发射激光器 (VCSEL) 的设计和建模，其中包含多个无源腔的级联。该方案旨在增加毫米波段 VCSEL 的带宽，以产生具有低频啁啾的超高频振荡。该模型将级联横向耦合腔 (TTC) 引起的横向反馈视为由于这些腔中的往返而导致的横向慢光的时间延迟。该模拟基于电场强度和相位的修正时延率方程的数值积分。仿真结果用于优化TCCs参数，包括耦合比和TCC长度，以产生高强度、低啁啾和低失真的超高频信号。获得的结果表明，由于光子 - 光子共振（PPR）的扩展载流子 - 光子共振（CPR）频率，所提出的结构可以实现C-VCSEL的调制带宽提高300％。显示了频率高达 (40–49 GHz) 且二次谐波失真低于 − 30 dB 的信号。