ABSTRACT Capsule: The mating system of the Brown Accentor Prunella fulvescens in the high altitudes of the Tibeta plateau is mainly monogamous but polyandry was recording in 9.7% of breeding groups. Aims: To describe the poorly known breeding biology of Brown Accentors in the high-altitude environment of the northeastern Tibet plateau. Methods: Individually colour-ringed birds were observed during two breeding seasons. Biometrics were recorded for breeders, and reproductive variables were quantified. Results: Brown Accentors were territorial during the breeding season and were resident year-round. Most groups (90.3%, n = 31 groups) were socially monogamous and the remainder (9.7%) were polyandrous, with two males sharing a female’s territory. Mean group size was 2.1 adults and the population adult sex ratio was 52% male. The birds raised a single brood during the breeding season. Nests were invariably located in Sea Buckthorn Hippophae rhamnoides. Eggs were laid between late June and late July, and mean clutch size was 3.4 ± 0.6 (SD) eggs. Incubation was undertaken by the female and lasted 12.9 ± 0.9 (SD) days. Both sexes provisioned young in the nest for 13.9 ± 1.2 (SD) days. Females provided significantly more feeding visits than did males. Brood size at estimated fledging dates averaged 2.2 ± 0.7 (SD) nestlings. Forty-five per cent of nesting attempts (n = 37) fledged at least one nestling. Conclusions: Like other species in the family Prunellidae, the Brown Accentor exhibits remarkable variation in its mating system.

中文翻译：

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青藏高原褐夏夏枯草选育生物学及交配系统

摘要 蒴果：青藏高原高海拔地区的棕色夏枯草的交配系统主要是一夫一妻制，但在 9.7% 的繁殖群体中记录了一妻多夫。目的：描述青藏高原东北部高海拔环境中鲜为人知的褐口鱼繁殖生物学。方法：在两个繁殖季节观察到个体色环鸟。记录育种者的生物特征，并量化繁殖变量。结果：棕色口音在繁殖季节是领地的，全年都居住。大多数群体（90.3%，n = 31 个群体）是社会一夫一妻制，其余（9.7%）是一夫多妻制，两个男性共享一个女性的领土。平均组大小为 2.1 名成年人，人口成年人性别比为 52% 的男性。这些鸟在繁殖季节养了一窝。巢总是位于沙棘沙棘中。鸡蛋在 6 月下旬至 7 月下旬之间产下，平均离合器大小为 3.4 ± 0.6 (SD) 鸡蛋。孵化由雌性进行，持续 12.9 ± 0.9 (SD) 天。两性在巢中提供幼崽 13.9 ± 1.2 (SD) 天。女性提供的喂食次数明显多于男性。估计羽化日期的幼鸟大小平均为 2.2 ± 0.7 (SD) 雏鸟。45% 的筑巢尝试（n = 37）至少长出了一只雏鸟。结论：与夏枯草科的其他物种一样，褐口香蜂在其交配系统中表现出显着的变异。鸡蛋在 6 月下旬至 7 月下旬之间产下，平均离合器大小为 3.4 ± 0.6 (SD) 鸡蛋。孵化由雌性进行，持续 12.9 ± 0.9 (SD) 天。两性在巢中提供幼崽 13.9 ± 1.2 (SD) 天。女性提供的喂食次数明显多于男性。估计羽化日期的幼鸟大小平均为 2.2 ± 0.7 (SD) 雏鸟。45% 的筑巢尝试（n = 37）至少长出一只雏鸟。结论：与夏枯草科的其他物种一样，褐口香蜂在其交配系统中表现出显着的变异。鸡蛋在 6 月下旬至 7 月下旬之间产下，平均离合器大小为 3.4 ± 0.6 (SD) 鸡蛋。孵化由雌性进行，持续 12.9 ± 0.9 (SD) 天。两性在巢中提供幼崽 13.9 ± 1.2 (SD) 天。女性提供的喂食次数明显多于男性。估计羽化日期的幼鸟大小平均为 2.2 ± 0.7 (SD) 雏鸟。45% 的筑巢尝试（n = 37）至少长出了一只雏鸟。结论：与夏枯草科的其他物种一样，褐口香蜂在其交配系统中表现出显着的变异。估计羽化日期的幼鸟大小平均为 2.2 ± 0.7 (SD) 雏鸟。45% 的筑巢尝试（n = 37）至少长出了一只雏鸟。结论：与夏枯草科的其他物种一样，褐口香蜂在其交配系统中表现出显着的变异。估计羽化日期的幼鸟大小平均为 2.2 ± 0.7 (SD) 雏鸟。45% 的筑巢尝试（n = 37）至少长出了一只雏鸟。结论：与夏枯草科的其他物种一样，褐口香蜂在其交配系统中表现出显着的变异。