Numerous initiatives and programmes were introduced to enable biodiversity conservation, and community involvement was among these propositions. In line with such initiatives, several frameworks were thus developed to ensure the sustainable implementation and realisation of such programmes. This saw the establishment of the Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM). As such, numerous calls were made to explore community involvement strategies and associated socio-economic impacts in nature conservation. Most studies and reports emanating from such calls demonstrate cases of failure of inter alia including poaching. This work, therefore, provides a detailed synthesis of the implications of involving local communities in conservation in protected areas (PAs) and further examines how spatial explicit methodologies can be adopted in enhancing nature conservation. Overall, the study has shown that community attitudes and perceptions towards nature conservation in PAs point towards the failure of the CBNRM approach. Weak, conflicted and sometimes corrupt governance and poor institutional arrangements seem to have contributed towards its failure. Overall, the review further indicates that most studies on community involvement in nature conservation have not fully considered the spatial dimension, and this has hampered holistic and effective monitoring and assessment of biodiversity in PAs to ensure sustainable management and the possible implications of such an approach towards conservation. This work, therefore, recommends a shift towards collaborative modelling, transdisciplinary monitoring and assessment approaches to improve biodiversity conservation as well as to determine the success and limitations of the CBNRM approach in Africa and the world over.

中文翻译：

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在基于社区的自然资源管理的支持下，当地社区参与自然保护：最先进的审查

引入了许多倡议和计划来保护生物多样性，其中包括社区参与。根据这些倡议，因此制定了若干框架，以确保可持续实施和实现这些计划。这见证了基于社区的自然资源管理 (CBNRM) 的建立。因此，许多人呼吁探索社区参与策略和自然保护中相关的社会经济影响。此类呼吁产生的大多数研究和报告都显示了失败的案例，尤其是包括偷猎。因此，这项工作详细综合了当地社区参与保护区 (PA) 保护的影响，并进一步研究了如何采用空间显式方法来加强自然保护。总体而言，该研究表明，社区对保护区自然保护的态度和看法表明 CBNRM 方法的失败。薄弱、冲突和有时腐败的治理和糟糕的制度安排似乎是导致其失败的原因。总体而言，审查进一步表明，大多数关于社区参与自然保护的研究都没有充分考虑空间维度，这阻碍了对保护区生物多样性的全面有效监测和评估，以确保可持续管理以及这种方法对保护的可能影响。因此，这项工作建议转向协作建模、跨学科监测和评估方法，以改善生物多样性保护，并确定 CBNRM 方法在非洲和世界各地的成功和局限性。