Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with functions similar to those of normal stem cells. Although few in number, they are capable of self-renewal, unlimited proliferation, and multi-directional differentiation potential. In addition, CSCs have the ability to escape immune surveillance. Thus, they play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and they are closely related to tumor invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence after treatment. Therefore, specific targeting of CSCs may improve the efficiency of cancer therapy. A series of corresponding promising therapeutic strategies based on CSC targeting, such as the targeting of CSC niche, CSC signaling pathways, and CSC mitochondria, are currently under development. Given the rapid progression in this field and nanotechnology, drug delivery systems (DDSs) for CSC targeting are increasingly being developed. In this review, we summarize the advances in CSC-targeted DDSs. Furthermore, we highlight the latest developmental trends through the main line of CSC occurrence and development process; some considerations about the rationale, advantages, and limitations of different DDSs for CSC-targeted therapies were discussed.

癌症干细胞（CSC）是癌细胞的一个亚群，其功能与正常干细胞相似。尽管数量较少，但它们具有自我更新、无限增殖和多向分化的潜力。此外，CSC 有能力逃避免疫监视。因此，它们在肿瘤的发生、发展中发挥着重要作用，与肿瘤的侵袭、转移、耐药以及治疗后的复发密切相关。因此，针对CSC的特异性靶向可能会提高癌症治疗的效率。目前正在开发一系列基于CSC靶向的相应有前景的治疗策略，例如靶向CSC生态位、靶向CSC信号通路、靶向CSC线粒体。鉴于该领域和纳米技术的快速发展，用于 CSC 靶向的药物递送系统 (DDS) 正在不断开发。在这篇综述中，我们总结了针对 CSC 的 DDS 的进展。此外，我们还通过CSC发生和发展过程的主线来突出最新的发展趋势；讨论了针对 CSC 靶向治疗的不同 DDS 的基本原理、优点和局限性的一些考虑。