The contribution of sea-state-induced processes to sea-level variability is investigated through ocean-wave coupled simulations. These experiments are performed with a high-resolution configuration of the Geestacht COAstal model SysTem (GCOAST), implemented in the Northeast Atlantic, the North Sea and the Baltic Sea which are considered as connected basins. The GCOAST system accounts for wave-ocean interactions and the ocean circulation relies on the NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) ocean model, while ocean-wave simulations are performed using the spectral wave model WAM. The objective is to demonstrate the contribution of wave-induced processes to sea level at different temporal and spatial scales of variability. When comparing the ocean-wave coupled experiment with in situ data, a significant reduction of the errors (up to 40% in the North Sea) is observed, compared with the reference. Spectral analysis shows that the reduction of the errors is mainly due to an improved representation of sea-level variability at temporal scales up to 12 h. Investigating the representation of sea-level extremes in the experiments, significant contributions (> 20%) due to wave-induced processes are observed both over continental shelf areas and in the Atlantic, associated with different patterns of variability. Sensitivity experiments to the impact of the different wave-induced processes show a major impact of wave-modified surface stress over the shelf areas in the North Sea and in the Baltic Sea. In the Atlantic, the signature of wave-induced processes is driven by the interaction of wave-modified momentum flux and turbulent mixing, and it shows its impact to the occurrence of mesoscale features of the ocean circulation. Wave-induced energy fluxes also have a role (10%) in the modulation of surge at the shelf break.

通过海浪耦合模拟研究了海态引起的过程对海平面变化的贡献。这些实验是在Geestacht COAstal模型SysTem（GCOAST）的高分辨率配置下进行的，该模型在东北大西洋，北海和波罗的海被认为是连通盆地。GCOAST系统解释了海浪相互作用，海洋环流依赖于NEMO（欧洲海洋模型核）海洋模型，而海浪模拟是使用频谱波模型WAM进行的。目的是证明在不同的时空尺度上，波浪诱发的过程对海平面的贡献。将海浪耦合实验与现场数据进行比较时，误差显着降低（最多40个）与参考值相比，在北海的百分比）。频谱分析表明，误差的减少主要是由于在长达12 h的时间尺度上海平面变化的代表性得到了改善。在实验中调查海平面极限的表示，做出了重大贡献（> 20 ％）是由于在大陆架区域和大西洋都观察到了由波引起的过程，并伴有不同的变化模式。对不同的波诱发过程的影响的敏感性实验表明，波修改后的表面应力对北海和波罗的海的陆架区域有重大影响。在大西洋，波浪诱发动量的特征是由波浪修正的动量通量和湍流混合的相互作用所驱动的，并显示出其对海洋环流中尺度特征发生的影响。波动引起的能量通量在货架断裂时的浪涌调制中也有作用（10 ％）。