Artemisia pollen is an important aeroallergen in late summer, especially in central and eastern Europe where distinct anemophilous Artemisia spp. produce high amounts of pollen grains. The study aims at: (i) analyzing the temporal pattern of and changes in the Artemisia spp. pollen season; (ii) identifying the Artemisia species responsible for the local airborne pollen load. Daily pollen concentration of Artemisia spp. was analyzed at two sites (BZ and SM) in Trentino-Alto Adige, North Italy, from 1995 to 2019. The analysis of airborne Artemisia pollen concentrations evidences the presence of a bimodal curve, with two peaks, in August and September, respectively. The magnitude of peak concentrations varies across the studied time span for both sites: the maximum concentration at the September peak increases significantly for both the BZ (p < 0.05) and SM (p < 0.001) site. The first peak in the pollen calendar is attributable to native Artemisia species, with A. vulgaris as the most abundant; the second peak is mostly represented by the invasive species A. annua and A. verlotiorum (in constant proportion along the years), which are causing a considerable increase in pollen concentration in the late pollen season in recent years.. The spread of these species can affect human health, increasing the length and severity of allergenic pollen exposure in autumn, as well as plant biodiversity in both natural and cultivated areas, with negative impacts on, e.g., Natura 2000 protected sites and crops.

中文翻译：

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入侵物种晚花导致秋季艾蒿致敏花粉增多：特伦蒂诺-上阿迪杰（意大利北部）25年空气生物学数据（1995-2019）分析

蒿属花粉是夏末重要的空气过敏原，特别是在中欧和东欧，那里有明显的嗜风草蒿属。产生大量的花粉粒。该研究旨在：（i）分析蒿属的时间模式和变化。花粉季节；(ii) 确定造成当地空气传播花粉负荷的蒿属物种。蒿属的每日花粉浓度。1995 年至 2019 年在意大利北部特伦蒂诺 - 上阿迪杰的两个地点（BZ 和 SM）进行了分析。 空气中艾蒿花粉浓度的分析证明存在双峰曲线，分别在 8 月和 9 月具有两个峰值。在两个站点的研究时间跨度内，峰值浓度的大小各不相同：两个 BZ 的 9 月峰值的最大浓度显着增加（p < 0. 05) 和 SM (p < 0.001) 位点。花粉历中的第一个高峰归因于本地蒿属物种，其中以 A. vulgaris 最为丰富；第二个高峰主要以入侵物种A. annua和A. verlotiorum（多年来比例不变）为代表，这导致近年来花粉季节后期花粉浓度大幅增加。 这些物种的传播会影响人类健康，增加秋季过敏性花粉暴露的持续时间和严重程度，以及自然和栽培区域的植物生物多样性，对例如 Natura 2000 保护区和作物产生负面影响。