Two important viral surface characteristics are the hydrophobicity and surface charge, which determine the viral colloidal behavior and mobility. Chemical force microscopy allows the detection of viral surface chemistry in liquid samples with small amounts of virus sample. This single-particle method requires the functionalization of an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe and covalent bonding of viruses to a surface. A hydrophobic methyl-modified AFM probe was used to study the viral surface hydrophobicity, and an AFM probe terminated with either negatively charged carboxyl acid or positively charged quaternary amine was used to study the viral surface charge. With an understanding of viral surface properties, the way in which viruses interact with the environment can be better predicted.

中文翻译：

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单粒子化学力显微镜表征病毒表面化学。

两个重要的病毒表面特征是疏水性和表面电荷，它们决定了病毒的胶体行为和流动性。化学力显微镜可以用少量病毒样品检测液体样品中的病毒表面化学。这种单粒子方法需要原子力显微镜 (AFM) 探针的功能化和病毒与表面的共价键合。疏水性甲基修饰的 AFM 探针用于研究病毒表面的疏水性，以带负电荷的羧酸或带正电荷的季胺为末端的 AFM 探针用于研究病毒表面电荷。通过了解病毒表面特性，可以更好地预测病毒与环境相互作用的方式。