Cellular senescence is an important tumor suppression mechanism that inhibits the proliferation of damaged cells. In senescent cells, irreparable DNA damage causes accumulation of genomic DNA fragments in the cytoplasm, which are recognized by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway, resulting in secretion of numerous inflammatory proteins. This phenomenon is called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and results in multiple physiological or pathological processes in the body. In addition, DNA damage also increases small extracellular vesicle (EV) release from senescent cells. This review presents recent insights into the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of senescence-associated extracellular vesicle (SA-EV) release that is associated with age-related diseases, particularly cancer.

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衰老相关疾病的细胞外囊泡（SA-EV）释放在衰老相关疾病的衰老相关分泌表型（SASP）中起作用

细胞衰老是抑制受损细胞增殖的重要的肿瘤抑制机制。在衰老的细胞中，不可修复的DNA损伤会导致基因组DNA片段在细胞质中积累，并被干扰素基因（STING）途径的环状GMP-AMP合酶（cGAS）刺激物识别，导致大量炎症蛋白的分泌。这种现象称为衰老相关的分泌表型（SASP），并导致体内多种生理或病理过程。此外，DNA损伤还会增加衰老细胞释放的小细胞外囊泡（EV）。这篇综述提供了与衰老相关的疾病，特别是癌症相关的衰老相关的细胞外囊泡（SA-EV）释放的分子机制和生物学功能的最新见解。