The mineralogy of surface crusts and efflorescent salts of two old abandoned tailings (Xochula and Remedios) of the mining district of Taxco, Guerrero, was studied by short-wave infrared spectroscopy (SWIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemistry of the selected samples was studied with induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). Principal mineralogy is composed of hydrated sulfates of iron (di-trivalent), other less-soluble sulfates such as gypsum and jarosite, and oxides–hydroxides of iron, all of which are the result of the weathering of sulfides (mainly pyrite) accumulated in mining waste. Using quantitative X-ray diffraction (Rietveld method) and the spatial distribution of secondary minerals, two main zones (lateral and central) have been established in both tailings. The genetic model for their formation shows that the secondary iron minerals (sulfates, oxides, and hydroxides) in these deposits have been formed at least in three different stages, mainly by oxidation, dissolution, and precipitation processes in combination with dehydration and primary sulfides neutralization reactions. The chemical analyses of some salts confirm the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in their structure and therefore indicate that the dissolution of the efflorescences in these deposits is a potential source of contamination during the wet season.

中文翻译：

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格雷罗州塔斯科矿业区两个废弃尾矿的花盐和结皮的矿物学和遗传模型研究（墨西哥）

通过短波红外光谱（SWIR），X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子研究了格雷罗州塔斯科（Taxco）矿区的两个老废弃尾矿（Xochula和Remedios）的表面结壳和风化盐的矿物学。显微镜（SEM）。通过感应耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）研究了所选样品的化学性质。主要矿物学由铁的水合硫酸盐（二价），其他难溶的硫酸盐（如石膏和黄钾铁矾）以及铁的氧化物-氢氧化物组成，所有这些都是硫化物（主要是黄铁矿）中风化的结果。采矿废物。使用定量X射线衍射（Rietveld方法）和次生矿物的空间分布，在两个尾矿中都建立了两个主要区域（侧向和中央）。其形成的遗传模型表明，这些矿床中的次生铁矿物质（硫酸盐，氧化物和氢氧化物）至少在三个不同阶段形成，主要是通过氧化，溶解和沉淀过程结合脱水和一次硫化物中和而形成的。反应。对某些盐进行的化学分析证实了其结构中存在潜在的毒性元素（PTE），因此表明这些沉积物中的风化溶解是雨季潜在的污染源。和沉淀过程结合脱水和伯硫醚中和反应。对某些盐进行的化学分析证实了其结构中存在潜在的毒性元素（PTE），因此表明这些沉积物中的风化溶解是雨季潜在的污染源。和沉淀过程结合脱水和伯硫醚中和反应。对某些盐进行的化学分析证实了其结构中存在潜在的毒性元素（PTE），因此表明这些沉积物中的风化溶解是雨季潜在的污染源。