The development of π-conjugated polymers has provided a gateway to a variety of new functional organic materials reminiscent of inorganic semiconductors. Nanoparticles based on π-conjugated polymers are promising for a broad range of emerging applications. In this Review, we provide an overview of the methods used to synthesize π-conjugated-polymer nanoparticles, with a focus on recently developed self-assembly and microfluidic routes. We also illustrate the use of the resulting nanoparticles in applications such as electronics and optoelectronics, biomedical imaging and therapy, photocatalysis and sensing. Finally, we discuss current challenges and possible directions for future research on this promising class of nanomaterials.

π共轭聚合物的发展为人们提供了多种新型功能性有机材料的途径，这些材料让人联想到无机半导体。基于π共轭聚合物的纳米粒子有望用于各种新兴应用。在本综述中，我们概述了用于合成π-共轭聚合物纳米颗粒的方法，重点是最近开发的自组装和微流体路线。我们还说明了所得纳米颗粒在电子和光电，生物医学成像和治疗，光催化和传感等应用中的用途。最后，我们讨论了这一有前途的纳米材料类别的当前挑战和未来研究的可能方向。