Polarons are among the most elementary quasiparticles of interacting quantum matter, consisting of a charge carrier dressed by an excited background. In Mott insulators, they take the form of a dopant surrounded by a distorted spin-background. Despite the fundamental importance of polarons for the electronic structure of strongly correlated systems, access to their internal structure was only recently realized in experiments, while controllable theoretical results are still lacking due to the sign problem. Here we report unbiased high-precision data obtained from worm-algorithm Monte Carlo that reveal the real-space structure of a polaron in the t-J model deep inside the region where the sign problem becomes significant. These results are directly comparable to recent quantum gas microscopy experiments, but give access to significantly lower temperatures.

极化子是相互作用的量子物质中最基本的准粒子之一，它由受激背景修饰的电荷载流子组成。在莫特绝缘子中，它们采用被扭曲的自旋背景包围的掺杂剂形式。尽管极化子对于强相关系统的电子结构具有根本的重要性，但直到最近才在实验中实现对其内部结构的访问，而由于符号问题，仍然缺乏可控的理论结果。在这里，我们报告从蠕虫算法蒙特卡洛获得的无偏高精度数据，这些数据揭示了t - J中极化子的实空间结构在信号问题变得严重的区域内部进行建模。这些结果可以直接与最近的量子气体显微镜实验相媲美，但可以大大降低温度。