ABSTRACT

The milling of materials at cryogenic temperature has gained importance both in academic as well as the industrial community in the last two decades, primarily because of distinct advantages of this technique as compared to milling at room temperature; environmental friendly nature, cost-effectiveness, rapid grain refinement, less contamination, and large scale production capability of various nanomaterials. Scientifically, milling at cryo-temperature exhibits several distinct material related phenomena; suppression of recovery and recrystallisation, predominant fracture over cold welding, significantly low oxidation, and contamination, leading to rapid grain refinement. Cryomilling has extensively been used to obtain finer scale powder of spices for the preservation of aroma, medicines for effective dissolution, or amorphisation. It has been considered an environmentally friendly process as it utilises benign liquid nitrogen or argon without discharging any toxic entity. The present review is intended to provide various scientific as well as technological aspects of cryomilling, environmental impact, and future direction.

摘要

在过去的二十年里，低温下的材料研磨在学术界和工业界都变得越来越重要，主要是因为与室温下的研磨相比，这种技术具有明显的优势；具有环境友好、成本效益高、晶粒细化快、污染少、各种纳米材料的规模化生产能力。从科学上讲，低温研磨表现出几种不同的材料相关现象；抑制恢复和再结晶，冷焊时主要断裂，显着低氧化和污染，导致快速晶粒细化。冷冻研磨已广泛用于获得更细的香料粉末，以保存香气、有效溶解药物或非晶化。它被认为是一种环保工艺，因为它使用良性液氮或氩气，而不会排放任何有毒物质。本综述旨在提供低温研磨、环境影响和未来方向的各种科学和技术方面。