The fruits of diploid and octoploid strawberry (Fragaria spp) show substantial natural variation in color due to distinct anthocyanin accumulation and distribution patterns. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is controlled by a clade of R2R3 MYB transcription factors, among which MYB10 is the main activator in strawberry fruit. Here, we show that mutations in MYB10 cause most of the variation in anthocyanin accumulation and distribution observed in diploid woodland strawberry (F. vesca) and octoploid cultivated strawberry (F. xananassa). Using a mapping-by-sequencing approach, we identified a gypsy-transposon in MYB10 that truncates the protein and knocks out anthocyanin biosynthesis in a white-fruited F. vesca ecotype. Two additional loss-of-function mutations in MYB10 were identified among geographically diverse white-fruited F. vesca ecotypes. Genetic and transcriptomic analyses of octoploid Fragaria spp revealed that FaMYB10-2, one of three MYB10 homoeologs identified, regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in developing fruit. Furthermore, independent mutations in MYB10-2 are the underlying cause of natural variation in fruit skin and flesh color in octoploid strawberry. We identified a CACTA-like transposon (FaEnSpm-2) insertion in the MYB10-2 promoter of red-fleshed accessions that was associated with enhanced expression. Our findings suggest that cis-regulatory elements in FaEnSpm-2 are responsible for enhanced MYB10-2 expression and anthocyanin biosynthesis in strawberry fruit flesh.

在二倍体和八倍体草莓（Fragaria spp。）的果实中观察到了颜色的明显自然变化，这是由于花色苷的独特积累和分布所致。花色苷的生物合成受R2R3 MYB转录因子进化支控制，其中MYB10已被证明是草莓果实中的主要激活剂。在这里，我们显示MYB10突变导致在二倍体林地草莓（F. vesca）和八倍体栽培草莓（F. x）中观察到的大多数花色苷变异。ananassa）。我们使用按序列作图的方法，在MYB10中鉴定了一个吉普赛转座子，该转座子截短了该蛋白并敲除了白果念珠菌生态型的花色苷生物合成。在地理上各不相同的白果实念珠菌生态型中鉴定出两个另外的功能丧失MYB10突变。八倍体草莓属的遗传和转录组学分析。结果表明，已鉴定出的三个MYB10同源物之一FaMYB10-2调节发育中水果中花青素的生物合成。此外，MYB10-2中的独立突变是八倍体草莓果实皮肤和果肉颜色自然变化的根本原因。我们在红肉种质的MYB10-2启动子中鉴定了与增强表达相关的CACTA样转座子（FaEnSpm-2）插入。