Logging has depleted timber resources across a considerable portion of the world's tropical forests, leaving them vulnerable to conversion to other land‐use types. This raises the question of whether management for restoration represents an economically viable alternative. We reviewed restoration concessions (areas of degraded state forest land leased to enterprises on long‐term [≥60‐year] licenses for restoration‐compatible business development) in Indonesia since their introduction in 2004 and found that, although many opportunities and actions are being explored, business models remain largely aspirational. Costs – including those associated with taxes and reporting, forest protection, community development, and restoration interventions – are high, while developing revenues at sufficient scale from carbon markets, non‐timber forest products, and ecosystem services is challenging. Potential solutions include the development of restoration‐compatible revenue streams and value‐added processing to generate income, investment in communities to bring them in as partners in restoration enterprises, and creation of a supportive regulatory environment by reducing statutory costs and eliminating perverse regulations. Restoration concessions are a scalable policy option for promoting private investment in restoration that could be replicated internationally to help meet ambitious global restoration targets.

中文翻译：

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恢复特许权：陷入困境的热带森林获得第二次生命租赁？

伐木活动耗尽了全球相当一部分热带森林的木材资源，使其很容易转化为其他土地利用类型。这就提出了一个问题，即恢复管理是否代表着经济上可行的选择。自2004年推出以来，我们审查了印尼的恢复特许权（以长期[≥60年]许可证出租给企业的退化森林面积，以进行与恢复兼容的业务发展），发现尽管有很多机会和行动，在探索中，商业模型在很大程度上仍然是理想的。成本-包括与税收和报告，森林保护，社区发展和恢复干预相关的成本-很高，而碳市场产生的收入规模足够大，非木材林产品和生态系统服务面临挑战。可能的解决方案包括开发与恢复兼容的收入流和增值处理以产生收入，对社区进行投资以使其成为恢复企业的合作伙伴，以及通过降低法定成本和消除不正当法规来创建支持性的监管环境。恢复特许权是一种可扩展的政策选择，可以促进私人投资于恢复，可以在国际上复制以帮助实现雄心勃勃的全球恢复目标。通过降低法定成本并消除不正当的法规来创建支持性的法规环境。恢复特许权是一种可扩展的政策选择，可以促进私人投资于恢复，可以在国际上复制以帮助实现雄心勃勃的全球恢复目标。通过降低法定成本并消除不正当的法规来创建支持性的法规环境。恢复特许权是一种可扩展的政策选择，可以促进私人投资于恢复，可以在国际上复制以帮助实现雄心勃勃的全球恢复目标。