Sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) are practices intended to eliminate same-sex attraction. We systematically review the literature on the efficacy of SOCE and discuss ways in which SOCE violate ethical guidelines for working with LGBQ clients. Existing literature indicates that SOCE are not efficacious in altering sexual orientation. Studies concluding otherwise often contain methodological limitations, such as biased recruitment or a retrospective design, that weaken the validity or prevent the generalizability of results. Many studies report negative outcomes associated with SOCE, such as depression, relationship dysfunction, and increased homonegativity. SOCE-oriented therapies also violate the American Psychological Association's (APA) ethical guidelines for working with LGBQ populations. In contrast, affirming therapies are efficacious, consistent with APA guidelines, and are associated with positive outcomes for LGBQ clients.

中文翻译：

---

对与性取向改变努力相关的功效、有害影响和伦理问题的系统评价

性取向改变努力（SOCE）是旨在消除同性吸引力的做法。我们系统地回顾了有关 SOCE 功效的文献，并讨论了 SOCE 违反与 LGBQ 客户合作的道德准则的方式。现有文献表明 SOCE 在改变性取向方面无效。以其他方式得出结论的研究通常包含方法学限制，例如有偏见的招募或回顾性设计，这会削弱有效性或阻碍结果的普遍性。许多研究报告了与 SOCE 相关的负面结果，例如抑郁、关系功能障碍和同质性增加。面向 SOCE 的疗法也违反了美国心理学会 (APA) 与 LGBQ 人群合作的道德准则。相比之下，