In tropical regions, some anuran species breed "explosively", reproducing in massive and highly diverse aggregations during a brief window of time. These aggregations can serve as acoustic beacons, attracting other anurans toward seasonal ponds. We hypothesize that conspecific and heterospecific calls play a role in navigation toward ponds and synchronization of reproduction among species. We simulated a chorus of two species (Trachycephalus coriaceus and Chiasmocleis shudikarensis) with contrasting call characteristics (low‐frequency vs. high‐frequency) and reproductive strategies (strict pond breeder vs. opportunistic) near known explosive breeding sites. We predicted that choruses of T. coriaceus are more attractive to heterospecifics than of C. shudikarensis because the first provides a more reliable indicator of a suitable breeding pond and a better long‐distance signal. We found that both choruses attracted conspecific frogs to the playback outside a natural breeding event. As predicted, heterospecifics were attracted only by low‐frequency calls of T. coriaceus that breeds exclusively in large ponds, but not by higher frequency calls of C. shudikarensis that also breeds in small pools not suitable for other species. Our study presents the first experimental evidence that tropical explosive breeding anurans are attracted to conspecific and heterospecific choruses. The contrasting effect of the playback of the two species on heterospecifics suggests that the attractive effect of a chorus depends on the reproductive strategy of both the sender and the receiver. Given the abundance and diversity of communities in tropical ecosystems, the use of heterospecific acoustic cues may prove widespread and requires further investigation.

中文翻译：

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模拟合唱吸引同种和异种亚马孙爆炸性繁殖青蛙

在热带地区，一些无尾类动物“爆炸性”繁殖，在短时间内以大量且高度多样化的聚集繁殖。这些聚集体可以充当声学信标，将其他无核小鸟吸引到季节性池塘中。我们假设同种和异种调用在通向池塘和物种间繁殖同步中发挥作用。我们在已知的爆炸繁殖地点附近模拟了两个物种的合唱（Trachycephalus coriaceus和Chiasmocleis shudikarensis），其呼叫特征（低频与高频）和繁殖策略（严格的池塘育种家与机会性）形成鲜明对比。我们预测的是合唱T. coriaceus更有吸引力heterospecifics比C. shudikarensis因为第一个提供了一个更可靠的指示，表明一个合适的繁殖池和一个更好的长距离信号。我们发现，两个合唱团在自然繁殖事件之外都吸引了特定的青蛙来进行回放。如预测的那样，异种特异性仅被仅在大型池塘中繁殖的T. coriaceus的低频调用吸引，而未被C. shudikarensis的高频调用吸引。也可以在不适合其他物种的小型水池中繁殖。我们的研究提供了第一个实验证据，表明热带爆炸性繁殖无色龙被同种和异种合唱团所吸引。两种物种对异源物种的回放的对比效果表明，合唱的吸引力取决于发送者和接收者的繁殖策略。考虑到热带生态系统中社区的丰富性和多样性，使用异种声学线索可能证明是广泛的，需要进一步研究。