Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a multifactorial disease, which often occurs in the presence of underlying cardiac abnormalities and is supported by electrophysiological and structural alterations, generally referred to as atrial remodeling. Abnormal substrates are commonly encountered in various conditions that predispose to AF, such as hypertension, heart failure, obesity, and sleep apnea, in which atrial stretch plays a key mechanistic role. Emerging evidence suggests a role for microRNAs (small non-coding RNAs) in the pathogenesis of AF, where they can act as post-transcriptional regulators of the genes involved in atrial remodeling. This review summarizes the experimental and clinical evidence that supports the role of microRNAs in the modulation of atrial electrical and structural remodeling with a focus on overload-induced atrial alterations, and discusses the potential contribution of microRNAs to mechano-electrical coupling and AF.

心房颤动 (AF) 是一种多因素疾病，通常在存在潜在心脏异常的情况下发生，并由电生理和结构改变支持，通常称为心房重构。异常基质常见于各种易患 AF 的条件下，例如高血压、心力衰竭、肥胖和睡眠呼吸暂停，其中心房牵张起着关键的机械作用。新出现的证据表明 microRNA（非编码小 RNA）在 AF 发病机制中的作用，它们可以作为参与心房重塑的基因的转录后调节因子。本综述总结了实验和临床证据，这些证据支持 microRNA 在调节心房电和结构重塑中的作用，重点是超负荷引起的心房改变，