Abstract Custard apple (Annona Squamosa) seed is mainly an agricultural waste generated in the processing in many fruit and pulp industries. The seeds are an important source of value added products such as oil, polyphenols, and acetogenins, possessing medicinal properties and having excellent market potential. The current work aims at developing an intensified method to extract volatile and non-volatile components from custard apple seeds using supercritical CO2 extraction (SC−CO2) with detailed process optimization so as to establish conditions for maximum yield. The maximum extraction of non-volatile components was obtained at optimized conditions of 25 MPa pressure, 318 K temperature, and 2.5 mL/min flow rate. The extraction of volatile oils was maximum under conditions of 15 MPa pressure, 308 K temperature, and 1.5 mL/min. The extraction was observed to be complete within 1 h due to an increase in permeability based on the action of high pressure SC−CO2, as also evident from the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of the obtained extract were also demonstrated in work. The total number of energy units required for 1 kg extract production was calculated to be 40.69 kW h.

中文翻译：

---

超临界CO2萃取系统提取苹果籽粉挥发性和非挥发性成分及其库存分析

摘要 番荔枝（Annona Squamosa）种子主要是许多水果和纸浆行业在加工过程中产生的农业废弃物。种子是油、多酚、醋精等附加值产品的重要来源，具有药用价值和良好的市场潜力。目前的工作旨在开发一种强化方法，使用超临界 CO2 萃取 (SC-CO2) 和详细的工艺优化从奶油苹果种子中提取挥发性和非挥发性成分，以建立最大产量的条件。在 25 MPa 压力、318 K 温度和 2.5 mL/min 流速的优化条件下获得了非挥发性组分的最大萃取率。在 15 MPa 压力、308 K 温度和 1.5 mL/min 条件下，挥发油的提取量最大。由于基于高压 SC-CO2 的作用渗透率增加，观察到提取在 1 小时内完成，这也从扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 成像的结果中看出。所得提取物的抗菌和抗真菌特性也在工作中得到证实。计算出 1 kg 提取物生产所需的能量单位总数为 40.69 kW h。