The aim of this review is to systematically describe and quantify the effects of PA interventions on alcohol and other drug use outcomes, and to identify any apparent effect of PA dose and type, possible mechanisms of effect, and any other aspect of intervention delivery (e.g. key behaviour change processes), within a framework to inform the design and evaluation of future interventions. Systematic searches were designed to identify published and grey literature on the role of PA for reducing the risk of progression to alcohol and other drug use (PREVENTION), supporting individuals to reduce alcohol and other drug use for harm reduction (REDUCTION), and promote abstinence and relapse prevention during and after treatment of alcohol and other drug use (TREATMENT). Searches identified 49,518 records, with 49,342 excluded on title and abstract. We screened 176 full text articles from which we included 32 studies in 32 papers with quantitative results of relevance to this review. Meta-analysis of two studies showed a significant effect of PA on prevention of alcohol initiation (risk ratio [RR]: 0.72, 95%CI: 0.61 to 0.85). Meta-analysis of four studies showed no clear evidence for an effect of PA on alcohol consumption (Standardised Mean Difference [SMD]: 0.19, 95%, Confidence Interval −0.57 to 0.18). We were unable to quantitatively examine the effects of PA interventions on other drug use alone, or in combination with alcohol use, for prevention, reduction or treatment. Among the 19 treatment studies with an alcohol and other drug use outcome, there was a trend for promising short-term effect but with limited information about intervention fidelity and exercise dose, there was a moderate to high risk of bias. We identified no studies reporting the cost-effectiveness of interventions. More rigorous and well-designed research is needed. Our novel approach to the review provides a clearer guide to achieve this in future research questions addressed to inform policy and practice for different populations and settings.

这篇综述的目的是系统地描述和量化PA干预对酒精和其他药物使用结果的影响，并确定PA剂量和类型的任何明显影响，可能的作用机制以及干预提供的任何其他方面（例如关键行为更改流程），以在框架内为将来的干预措施的设计和评估提供信息。系统性搜索旨在识别有关PA在降低酒精和其他药物使用进展风险中的作用的已发表和灰色文献（预防），支持个人减少酒精和其他药物使用以减少危害（减少），并促进禁欲以及在酒精和其他药物治疗期间和治疗后的预防复发（治疗）。搜索确定了49,518条记录，标题和摘要中排除了49,342条记录。我们筛选了176篇全文文章，从中包括32篇论文中的32篇研究，这些研究的定量结果与本评价相关。两项研究的荟萃分析显示，PA可以有效预防酒精引发（风险比[RR]：0.72，95％CI：0.61至0.85）。对四项研究的荟萃分析显示，PA对饮酒没有影响的明确证据（标准平均差异[SMD]：0.19，95％，置信区间-0.57至0.18）。我们无法定量地评估PA干预单独，或与酒精混合使用对预防，减少或治疗的影响。在19项关于饮酒和其他药物使用治疗结局的治疗研究中，趋势是有希望产生短期效果，但有关干预保真度和运动剂量的信息有限，存在中度到高度偏见的风险。我们没有发现任何报告干预措施成本效益的研究。需要更严格和精心设计的研究。我们新颖的审查方法为在将来的研究问题中实现这一目标提供了更清晰的指南，以解决针对不同人群和环境的政策和实践问题。