Abstract Thermally-induced disturbances limit the beam quality of high-power lasers and evoke set point-dependent disturbances. As a result, the beam parameters and the laser’s output power of conventional high-power lasers cannot be chosen independently. To overcome this issue, we suggest spherical intra-cavity mirrors as actuators to dynamically compensate the impact of thermal lensing within the framework of automatic control. While the optical system is represented stationary as a Gaussian cavity with multiple transverse modes, the disturbance and the actuator are dynamically modeled by distributed parameters systems. A reliable estimation and prediction of the disturbance is crucial to achieve a proper rejection. To this end, an optimization-based moving horizon state estimator is designed to cope with model uncertainties, noisy measurements and bifurcations causing parasitic solutions of the nonlinear output equation. To maintain real-time capability, the relevant transient effects are lumped to an efficient discrete-time design model. The proposed compensation strategy explicitly considers input constraints and involves a reference governor to ensure the feasibility of the control objective. The performance of the individual components of the controller are validated by means of simulations and experiments. Eventually, we prove the overall concept of controlled adaptive high-power lasers by means of a scalable experimental setup with output lasers powers exceeding 500 W .

中文翻译：

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迈向自适应高功率激光器：使用移动地平线估计器的基于模型的控制和干扰补偿

摘要 热致扰动限制了高功率激光器的光束质量并引起了与设定点相关的扰动。因此，传统高功率激光器的光束参数和激光器输出功率不能独立选择。为了克服这个问题，我们建议使用球形腔内反射镜作为执行器，以在自动控制框架内动态补偿热透镜效应的影响。虽然光学系统被表示为具有多个横向模式的高斯腔，但扰动和致动器由分布式参数系统动态建模。对干扰的可靠估计和预测对于实现正确的拒绝至关重要。为此，设计了一个基于优化的移动水平状态估计器来应对模型的不确定性，噪声测量和分叉导致非线性输出方程的寄生解。为了保持实时能力，相关的瞬态效应被集中到一个高效的离散时间设计模型中。提议的补偿策略明确考虑了输入约束并涉及参考调控器以确保控制目标的可行性。控制器各个组件的性能通过模拟和实验进行验证。最终，我们通过输出激光功率超过 500 W 的可扩展实验装置证明了可控自适应高功率激光器的整体概念。相关的瞬态效应被集中到一个高效的离散时间设计模型中。提议的补偿策略明确考虑了输入约束并涉及参考调控器以确保控制目标的可行性。控制器各个组件的性能通过模拟和实验进行验证。最终，我们通过输出激光功率超过 500 W 的可扩展实验装置证明了可控自适应高功率激光器的整体概念。相关的瞬态效应被集中到一个高效的离散时间设计模型中。提议的补偿策略明确考虑了输入约束并涉及参考调控器以确保控制目标的可行性。控制器各个组件的性能通过模拟和实验进行验证。最终，我们通过输出激光功率超过 500 W 的可扩展实验装置证明了可控自适应高功率激光器的整体概念。