Uterine inflammation is the most common and clinically relevant genital change in bitches. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between uterine hyperplasic lesions and uterine inflammation. Uteri and ovaries from 200 bitches were sampled after elective or pathological ovariohysterectomy and histologically evaluated. Endometrial hyperplastic lesions were classified as cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) or pseudoplacentational endometrial hyperplasia (PEH), whereas cases of uterine inflammation were subdivided into endometritis or pyometra. The frequency of PEH (79.4%) was significantly higher (P <0.05) than CEH (20.6%), whereas 17.5% of the animals did not have any endometrial hyperplasic lesions. There was a statistically significant association between the frequency of PEH and uterine inflammation (P <0.0001) and PEH was also significantly associated with pyometra (P <0.05). There was no significant association between CEH and uterine inflammation. There was a significant association between dioestrus and the frequencies of PEH, CEH, uterine inflammation and pyometra. However, there was no significant association between endometritis and dioestrus. These results support the recommendation that the terms ‘cystic endometrial hyperplasia’, ‘pseudoplacentational endometrial hyperplasia’ and ‘pyometra’ should be used separately, instead of the classical term ‘cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex’.

子宫炎症是母犬最常见和临床相关的生殖器变化。本研究的目的是评估子宫增生病变与子宫炎症之间的关联。在选择性或病理性卵巢子宫切除术后对 200 只母犬的子宫和卵巢进行取样并进行组织学评估。子宫内膜增生病变分为囊性子宫内膜增生（CEH）或假胎盘子宫内膜增生（PEH），而子宫炎症又分为子宫内膜炎或子宫积脓。PEH的发生频率（79.4%）显着较高（P <0.05) 而不是 CEH (20.6%)，而 17.5% 的动物没有任何子宫内膜增生病变。PEH 的发生频率与子宫炎症之间存在统计学上显着的相关性（P  <0.0001），并且 PEH 也与子宫蓄脓性显着相关（P <0.05）。CEH与子宫炎症之间没有显着关联。发情期与 PEH、CEH、子宫炎症和子宫积脓的频率之间存在显着关联。然而，子宫内膜炎和发情之间没有显着关联。这些结果支持“囊性子宫内膜增生”、“假胎盘性子宫内膜增生”和“子宫积脓”这三个术语应分开使用的建议，而不是经典术语“囊性子宫内膜增生-子宫内膜积脓复合体”。