Abstract Dynamic modeling of how particulate matter (PM) transport, deposit, and translocate from human respiratory systems to systemic regions subject to indoor and outdoor exposures are essential for case-specific lung dosimetry predictions and occupational health risk assessments. Because of the invasive nature and imaging resolution limitations of existing in vitro and in vivo methods, Computational Fluid-Particle Dynamics plus Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Toxicokinetic (CFPD-PBPK/TK) models have been employed to predict the fate of the respirable aerosols for decades. This paper presents a guide on how to use the multiscale CFPD-PBPK/TK models to predict lung dosimetry and systemic translocations quantitatively with 3D subject-specific human respiratory systems. The tutorial aims to clarify possibly ambiguous concepts. The step-by-step modeling procedure should help researchers set up the CFPD-PBPK/TK model accurately, following the standard model validation and verification (VV (b) the significance of choosing the appropriate turbulence model to predict the laminar-to-turbulence pulmonary airflow regimes; and (c) the standard (V&V) procedures of submodels in the CFPD-PBPK/TK modeling framework. The tutorial also highlights the deficiencies of current CFPD-PBPK/TK models, clarifies the missing biomechanisms and aerosol dynamics in the respiratory systems that need to be considered to build the next-generation virtual human whole-lung models.

中文翻译：

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教程：使用计算流体粒子动力学和药代动力学/毒代动力学模型了解粒子在人类呼吸系统中的传输、沉积和易位

摘要 颗粒物 (PM) 如何从人体呼吸系统传输、沉积和转移到受室内和室外暴露影响的全身区域的动态建模对于特定病例的肺剂量学预测和职业健康风险评估至关重要。由于现有体外和体内方法的侵入性和成像分辨率的限制，计算流体粒子动力学加上基于生理的药代动力学/毒代动力学 (CFPD-PBPK/TK) 模型已被用于预测可吸入气溶胶的命运数十年. 本文介绍了如何使用多尺度 CFPD-PBPK/TK 模型通过 3D 受试者特定的人类呼吸系统定量预测肺剂量测定和全身易位。本教程旨在澄清可能存在歧义的概念。